Aphids - karamin kwaro na dukan lambun: sani
A cikin lambun lambu da kayan lambu, kwari masu cutarwa sukan zama kamfani na shuke-shuke da aka noma. Suna cutar da kayan lambu da kayan marmari, da kuma bishiyoyi da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kwari shine aphids.
Abubuwa
Abin da aphid yayi kama: hoto
Bayanin kwari
name: Aphids subfamily
Yaren Latin:AphidoideaClass Kwari - Insecta
Kama: Hemiptera - Hemiptera
 | Wuraren zama: | ko'ina |
 | Ayyukan: | kananan yankunan kwari |
 | cutarwa: | wakilan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, suna iya lalata gaba ɗaya |
Aphids suna daya daga cikin mafi yawan nau'in parasites - kwari. A cikin duka akwai fiye da 3500 iri. Kwari sun haɗu a cikin manyan yankuna, suna mamaye duk lambuna da tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Hadarin aphids ya ta'allaka ne a cikin tsotsar ruwan 'ya'yan itace da watsa ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa tsirrai.
Siffofin tsarin jiki
Siffar jiki tana shafar nau'in kwari. Amma akwai sigogi na gaba ɗaya waɗanda yawancin kwari suka dace da su.
Siffar jiki na iya zama a cikin nau'i na: ellipse, a hemisphere, digo, kwai, m. Girman ya bambanta tsakanin 0,3-0,8 mm. Jiki a bayyane da taushi. Launin kwaro yayi daidai da launin shukar da take rayuwa akai. A jiki akwai tubercles, outgrowths, fluff, gashi.
Shugaban yana trapezoid tare da antennae. Suna da sassan ji da taɓawa. Babban bambanci daga sauran kwari shine kyakkyawan gani. Idanun suna da yawa. Yawancinsu ja ne, launin ruwan kasa ko baki.
Ana kiran na'urar baka a matsayin nau'in tsotsa. Tare da taimakonsa, ƙwayoyin cuta suna huda saman nama na shuka kuma su kai ga ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Wasu mutane suna da dogayen proboscises masu kaifi, sauran suna da gajere kuma masu kaifi.
Siffar kirji yana rinjayar fuka-fuki da mataki na ci gaba. Kwarin na iya zama ba kawai fuka-fuki ba, har ma maras fuka-fuki. Ana yin aikin tsalle ta sirara da dogayen ƙafafu.
Ciki ya ƙunshi sassa 9. Na farko 7 segments tare da spiracles. Sauran an sanye su da bututun ruwan 'ya'yan itace wadanda ke da aikin sirri da kuma cirewa. Bangare na ƙarshe da ba a haɓaka ba yana da wutsiya mai gashi.
Habitat
Kwari sun fi son wuraren da ke da yanayi mai dumi da ɗanɗano. Yanayin yana taimakawa wajen kawar da mafi yawan al'ummomi a lokacin kakar. Aphid yana zaune a cikin yankuna masu faɗi, kama daga Siberiya zuwa Yammacin Turai.
Canjin yanayin zafi mai zafi, fari da ruwan sama mai yawa suna hana haifuwa.
Abincin aphid
Kwarin yana ciyar da ƙananan ganye, mai tushe, buds, furanni, saman ƙananan harbe.
Mafi kyawun magani - ruwan 'ya'yan itace kayan lambuwanda ya ƙunshi amino acid da carbohydrates. Kwari suna ɓoye wani ruwa mai daɗi wanda tururuwa ke so. A saboda wannan dalili, tururuwa suna kewaye yankin aphid.
Tsarin rayuwa
Nau'ukan gama gari
Ya kamata a lura cewa kusan nau'ikan 1000 suna rayuwa a cikin nahiyar Turai. Daga cikin shahararrun, akwai nau'o'in da aka fi sani da su.
| leaf gall | Lalacewa fari, baki, ja currants. |
| Gwoza ko wake | Yana ciyar da beets, dankali, legumes, poppy tsaba, jasmine, viburnum, sunflower mai tushe da ganye. |
| Kokwamba ko gwangwani | Yana cutar da kankana, kankana, kabewa, kokwamba, taba, gyada, sesame, gwoza, citrus, eucalyptus. |
| kabeji | Yana amfani da radish, radish, kabeji. |
| Inabi | Yana cin inabi kawai. |
| Karas | Yana lalata karas da tsire-tsire masu laima |
| Aphids a kan wardi | A rage cin abinci kunshi wardi, fure kwatangwalo, pears, apple itatuwa, strawberries. |
| Green apple | Yana ciyar da apple, pear, cotoneaster, medlar, shadberry, quince, dutse ash, hawthorn |
| Babban dankalin turawa | Abincin ya hada da dankali, beets, kabeji, tumatir, greenhouse da tsire-tsire na cikin gida. |
| babban peach | Yana cin peach, almond, ceri plum, plum, apricot, bishiyar goro. |
| peach aphid | Yana ciyar da plum, peach, ceri plum, taba, kabeji, dankali, eggplant, barkono, radish, Dill, kokwamba, faski, letas, greenhouse amfanin gona. |
| mai gashi | Lalacewa na cikin gida da shuke-shuken greenhouse, 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus, inabi. |
| Daki | Ba picky game da abinci. |
Cutar da aphids
Aphids za a iya amincewa da kira mafi haɗari kwaro.
Kwari suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai mahimmanci na tushen da harbe. A saboda wannan dalili, fruiting yana raguwa. Wani lokaci itatuwa, shrubs, kayan lambu amfanin gona mutu gaba daya.
Koyaya, akwai ingantattun hanyoyin magance kwari.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa
Aphids akan tsire-tsire.
Daidaitattun hanyoyin magance aphids akan rukunin yanar gizon sun ƙunshi matakai da yawa.
- Tsaftace da'irar gangar jikin.
- Cire tururuwa daga wurin.
- Tsaftace jiki na sassan da suka lalace.
Duk hanyoyin za a iya raba su cikin yanayin yanayi zuwa jama'a, ilimin halitta, jiki ko sinadarai.
Haɗu ku zaɓi ingantacciyar hanyar cire aphids daga rukunin yanar gizon tsakanin 26 mai yiwuwa a cikin wannan labarin.
Matakan hanyoyin kariya
Don hana bayyanar aphids akan itatuwan 'ya'yan itace da amfanin gona, dole ne a kiyaye yawan buƙatu masu sauƙi. Na farko kuma na asali doka ita ce gonar lafiya ba ta sha wahala daga kwari.
- A cikin kaka, tsaftace yankin daga tarkace da gawa.
- A cikin bazara, datsa da fesa.
- Farar bishiyoyi sau biyu a kakar.
- Cire tururuwa da hanyoyi.
- Ciyarwa, amma kada ku ƙara yawan adadin nitrogen.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Iraniyawa suna yin decoction na giya bisa wani kwari, kama a cikin kaddarorinsa ga aphrodisiacs.
ƙarshe
Aphids baƙo ne akai-akai zuwa yanki mai rauni. Amma tare da kulawa mai kyau, kawar da kwaro ba zai zama matsala ba. Idan ƙananan kwari sun riga sun shiga, ya kamata ku zaɓi hanya mai sauƙi don yin yaƙi.
