Aphids sun bayyana akan itacen apple: yadda ake bi da bishiyar don kariya da rigakafi
Kowa ya san game da irin wannan kwaro na shuke-shuke da bishiyoyi kamar aphids. Kwarin yana haifar da babbar illa ga lambuna. Yakin da ake yi da shi yana da matukar muhimmanci don adana amfanin gona. An raba nau'in apple zuwa kore da ja gall launin toka.
Abubuwa
Apple aphid: hoto
Bayanin apple aphid
name: apple aphid
Yaren Latin: aphis pomiClass Kwari - Insecta
Kama: Hemiptera - Hemiptera
Iyali: Aphids - aphids
 | Wuraren zama: | ko'ina |
 | Ayyukan: | sanyi mai haƙuri, yana ƙaruwa da sauri |
 | cutarwa: | yana ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, yana lalata foliage da buds |
Aphids a kan itacen apple.
Launin mace mara fuka-fuka mai launin rawaya-kore. Tsawon har zuwa 2 mm. Shugaban yana da launin ruwan kasa tare da ƙananan tubercles a gefe. Akwai rawaya wuski. Wutsiya baƙar fata ce kuma mai siffar yatsa.
Cikin mace mai fuka-fuki kore ne. Akwai tabo masu duhu akan sassan 6, 7, 8. Girman ya bambanta tsakanin 1,8-2 mm. Launi na kai, kirji, eriya, kafafu, tubules baƙar fata ne.
Maza sun fi mata ƙanƙanta. Da kyar suka kai 1,2 mm. A zahiri, suna kama da mata. Kwai baƙar fata ne. Suna da siffar oval mai elongated.
Jan-gall apple aphid shine kore-launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan duhu mai launin toka mai launin toka da kai ja.
Tsarin rayuwa
Wurin wintering na qwai shine haushi na ƙananan harbe. Lokacin da buds suka buɗe, tsutsa ta ƙyanƙyashe. Mazaunan su shine saman kodan. Suna tsotsar ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Ana samun sauƙin ci gaban ciki ta yanayin zafi sama da digiri 5 ma'aunin celcius. Hatching yana faruwa a 6 digiri Celsius. Adadin tsararraki a kowane yanayi yana tsakanin 4 zuwa 8.
Hatching na tsutsa yana rinjayar yanayin yanayi. Misali, a cikin Tarayyar Rasha wannan shine ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu, a Moldova da Ukraine - tsakiyar Afrilu, a tsakiyar Asiya - ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu.
Daga baya, kwari suna samuwa a ƙarƙashin ganyen da kuma a kan koren ƙananan harbe. Ci gaban larvae yana faruwa a cikin makonni 2. Matan da suka kafa Wingless sun bayyana. Hanyar kiwon su budurwa ce.
Larvae na matan da suka kafa mata suna juya zuwa mata masu viviparous waɗanda ke ba da zuriya. Yawancin lokaci akwai tsutsa har 60. Ya kamata lokacin girma bai wuce ƙarni 15 ba.
Gudun mata yana bayyana a watan Agusta. Larvae ɗinta daga ƙarshe sun zama aphids na mata da na maza. Lokacin mating yana faɗuwa a cikin kaka. Kamun ya ƙunshi qwai har 5. Qwai na iya yin overwinter, kuma aphids sun mutu.
Ci gaban taro da haifuwar aphids ya dogara da matsakaicin zafin jiki da zafi. Fari da ruwan sama mai yawa suna hana waɗannan hanyoyin.
Habitat
Yankin ya ƙunshi:
- Turai;
Green apple aphid.
- Asiya;
- Arewacin Afirka;
- Amurka.
Yawan jama'a mafi girma a cikin Tarayyar Rasha ya faɗi a ɓangaren Turai, Siberiya, kudancin Taiga, yankin daji-steppe, yankin Primorsky. An lura da yawan jama'a a cikin Transcaucasus da Kazakhstan.
Lokacin aiki yana farawa a cikin bazara kuma yana ƙare a ƙarshen kaka.
Jan-gall apple aphid yana zaune a Gabashin Turai. A arewacin Rasha tana iyaka da St. Petersburg da Yaroslavl. Ana iya samuwa a wasu yankuna na Urals, Transcaucasia, da yankin Volga. A Asiya, adadi mafi girma yana cikin Turkmenistan.
Muhimmancin tattalin arziki
Yankunan steppe da gandun daji-steppe na Tarayyar Rasha da Ukraine suna fuskantar babbar asara. Apple aphid yana lalata:
- itacen apple
- pear;
- plum;
- Quince;
- tokar dutse;
- hawthorn;
- cotoneaster;
- ceri tsuntsu;
- peach;
- apricot.
Alamun lalacewa na waje
Aphids a kan itacen apple.
Kwari sukan zama yankuna. Suna rufe manyan sassan harbe da ganye. Ganye ya fara murɗawa ya bushe. Harbe ya zama karkatarwa kuma ya daina girma. A cikin gandun daji, ƙananan harbe sun mutu, saboda babu ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai gina jiki.
Bayyanar ja-gall apple aphid yana farawa da kumburi akan faranti na ganye. Yawanci kumburi yana da jajayen iyakoki. Aphids halitta su.
makiya na halitta
Maƙiyan halitta sun haɗa da ladybug, hoverfly, lacewing. Tabbatar da halakar tururuwa, yayin da suke kula da aphids. Tururuwa suna cin abinci a kan ɓoye mai sukari kuma suna kewaye da kwari tare da mazauna.
15 abokan yaƙi a cikin yaƙi da aphids za a iya gani da kuma dauka a nan.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa
Mafi tasiri zai kasance tsinkayar lokaci na lokacin faruwar kwari. Tabbatar yanke saman da harbe-harbe na basal, saboda ana iya samun ƙwai a waɗannan wuraren. Tsaftace kaka da ƙona ganye suna ba da sakamako mai kyau.
Mu saba Hanyoyi 26 don magance aphids daki-daki.
ƙarshe
Apple aphids na iya haifar da lahani marar lahani ga rukunin yanar gizon. Koyaya, tare da taimakon sinadarai ko magungunan jama'a, zaku iya kawar da shi. Don sakamako mai sauri, ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa a lokaci guda.
A baya