Ticks suna cikin nau'in arachnids: halaye na gaba ɗaya na parasites, bayanin da nau'ikan wakilai

Kaska shine kwari ko arachnid

Duk da cewa a zahiri kaska yayi kama da kwari, wannan nau'in ba shi da alaƙa da su. Ticks suna cikin odar arachnid, don haka ya fi daidai a kira su dabbobi.

Muhimmancin aikin ticks a cikin yanayi da abin da kaska ke ɗauka

A ambaton waɗannan dabbobi, da yawa suna da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin cuta masu shan jini waɗanda ke ɗauke da cututtuka masu haɗari.

A gaskiya ma, wasu nau'ikan kaska (mafi yawancin ixodid) suna haifar da haɗari mai tsanani ga mutane da dabbobi, duk da haka, arthropods na farauta suma suna da mahimmanci ga muhalli.

Bugu da ƙari, wasu wakilai na odar kaska ba masu cin abinci ba ne kuma suna cin abinci na shuka. Babban mahimmancin ticks ga yanayi da mutane:

1. Kasancewa a cikin tsarin samar da ƙasa: a cikin bazuwar da haɓakar ɗan adam na abubuwan da suka rage, haɓaka friability, taka rawar tsari, cin ƙwayoyin cuta na parasitic da yada masu amfani;
2. tsarkakewa daga shuka daga spores na epiphytic da parasitic fungi;
3. A cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, arthropods sun zama matakin daidaitawa, suna taka rawar alurar rigakafi na halitta;
4. Ana amfani da nau'in mites masu cin nama a cikin aikin gona don magance kwari.

Koyaya, lokacin tantance mahimmancin kaska ga ɗan adam, ma'aunin ya fi nauyi da mummunan tasirin su. Hadarin da kwari ke haifarwa:

• dauke da cututtuka na daban-daban na mutane da dabbobi cututtuka: encephalitis, borreliosis, scabies, tularemia, da dai sauransu.
• Abubuwan sharar su na iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani;
• lalata abinci (hatsi, gari, kayan kiwo, da sauransu);
• lalata shuke-shuke da aka noma, ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.

Wanene kaska

Ticks wani yanki ne daban na arthropods. Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗaukar wannan subclass mafi yawa. Ana samun su a duk nahiyoyi, suna zaune a cikin ƙasa, ragowar kwayoyin halitta, suna zaune a cikin gida na tsuntsaye da dabbobi, jikin ruwa, parasitize a jikin mutane da dabbobi.

Wane aji ne ticks yake?

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, mites suna cikin nau'in arachnids.

Yaya kaska na al'ada yayi kama?

Kamar duk membobin ajin, ticks ba su da fuka-fuki. A cikin manya, akwai nau'i-nau'i na ƙafafu 4, a cikin nymphs da larvae akwai 3 kawai.

Inuwa na dabba na iya bambanta dangane da nau'in: m, launin toka, rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.

Jiki, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da siffar oval mai lebur, an rufe shi da harsashi na chitinous mai karewa. A yawancin nau'ikan, babu idanu, yana daidaitawa a sararin samaniya tare da taimakon gabobin hankali na musamman.

Yaya kaska mace tayi kama?

Mace sun fi girma fiye da maza, jikinsu an rufe shi da wani ɗan ƙaramin murfin chitinous - garkuwar tana samuwa a bayan proboscis kuma ta mamaye kusan kashi uku na jikin jiki, sauran yana da taushi da na roba. A kan dorsal surface na tushe na proboscis akwai nau'i-nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in jiki).

Menene girman kaska

Tsawon jiki na arachnids na iya zama daga 80 microns zuwa 13 mm, bayan ciyarwa, mutum yana ƙaruwa cikin girman har zuwa 30 mm.

Tsarin jikin kaska

Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki suna da yawa: wani sashi mai wuya, kuma a wasu wurare suna da ƙarfi sosai. Saboda wannan, kwaro yana iya shimfiɗawa sosai yayin ciyarwa.

Zagayowar rayuwa na mites

Yawancin wakilan nau'in suna yin ƙwai, amma akwai kuma mites viviparous. Tsarin rayuwa na arthropods ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:

• kwai;
• tsutsa;
• numfasawa;
• imago (adult).

Tare da kafa yanayin zafi mai dadi (+ 15-20 digiri), arachnids fara haɓakawa sosai. Kafin wannan, mace tana buƙatar samun isasshen jini. Bayan ciyarwa da jima'i, mace tana yin ƙwai. Adadin su na iya bambanta, ya danganta da nau'in kaska.

Matan wasu nau'ikan suna da ikon yin ƙwai dubu da yawa.

Tsawon lokacin matakin amfrayo kuma ya bambanta dangane da nau'in - daga kwanaki 5 zuwa 14. Bayan haka, ana haifar da larvae, wanda ya bambanta kadan daga manya a bayyanar.

Larvae na wasu nau'ikan kaska sun fara neman ganima a wannan matakin na ci gaba, yayin da wasu ba sa buƙatar abinci. Bayan molting, dabba yana motsawa zuwa mataki na gaba na ci gaba - nymph. A wannan lokacin, kaska dole ne ya dauki abinci, bayan haka wani molt ya faru kuma mutum ya wuce zuwa matakin imago.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, acarids sun fara haɓaka da ƙarfi tare da zuwan zafi. Don wannan, mace dole ne ta cika. Mating na iya faruwa akan mai gida, ciyawa, ganye, da sauransu.

A wasu lokuta, hadi zai iya faruwa ba tare da sa hannu na namiji ba, a cikin wannan hali sai tsutsa mata kawai za su bayyana, kuma idan namiji ya shiga, mace da namiji.

Namiji ba ya zabar mace ta kowace hanya, mutumin da yake a wannan lokacin kusa ya zama abokin tarayya. Maza daga cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan suna mutuwa bayan haifuwa.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Arachnids sun fara nuna ayyukansu na farko a cikin kakar lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi zuwa digiri 3-5. A Rasha, mafi yawan lokuta wannan lokacin yana faruwa a ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu. Kololuwar ayyuka ta faɗi a watan Mayu-Agusta. Bugu da ari, a hankali yana raguwa kuma lokacin da aka saita zafin jiki a ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun ticks yana yin hibernate.

Yawan jama'a da yawa na parasites kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Don haka, idan lokacin rani ya kasance mai sanyi, tare da yawan hazo, kuma hunturu ya kasance dusar ƙanƙara kuma ba sanyi ba, shekara ta gaba yawan jama'a zai karu sosai.

Saboda haka, cizon da ba ya jin jikin mutum. Tsawon lokacin shan jini na iya zama har zuwa mintuna 15. Tsawon rayuwar kaska ya dogara da nau'in. Alal misali, ƙurar ƙura tana rayuwa kwanaki 65-80, yayin da kututtukan daji na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 4.

A karkashin yanayi mara kyau, arachnids sun fada cikin yanayin dakatar da raye-raye - duk matakai a cikin jiki suna raguwa kuma dabba ta fada cikin wani nau'in hibernation.

Bayan farkawa, kaska na iya ci gaba da ayyukan rayuwarsa ba tare da wani sakamako ga jikinsa ba.

Me kaska ke ci

Dangane da hanyar abinci mai gina jiki, arachnids sun kasu kashi 2:

• masu farauta;
• saprophages.

Saprophages suna ciyar da kwayoyin halitta. Yawancin saprophages ana gane su a matsayin masu amfani ga bil'adama, saboda suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da ƙasa. Koyaya, akwai saprophages waɗanda ke amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace azaman abinci, gami da amfanin gona masu amfani.

Irin wadannan dabbobi ana daukar su a matsayin parasites, saboda suna iya haifar da babbar illa ga noma da noma, da lalata duk amfanin gona a cikin kankanin lokaci.

Har ila yau, akwai saprophages da ke ciyar da barbashi na fata na fata, gashi da kuma sirrin ɗan adam. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da mites kura (na gida).

Ba sa kai hari ga mutum, ba sa cizo kuma ba sa ɗaukar cututtuka, amma suna iya cutar da lafiyarsa ta hanyar haifar da rashin lafiya mai ƙarfi. Har ila yau, Saprophages sun haɗa da sito, waɗanda ke cin hatsi, gari, busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa da sauran su, wanda ke sa abinci bai dace da amfani da ɗan adam ba.

Kwayoyin cuta masu cin zarafi suna kai farmaki ga dabbobi masu shayarwa masu ɗumi, waɗanda suka haɗa da mutane, tsuntsaye, da masu ƙorafi. A wasu lokuta, suna kai hari ga danginsu - ticks na ciyawa. Kwarin yana manne wa wanda aka azabtar da taimakon kafafunsa sannan ya matsa zuwa wurin cizon da gangan.

Tick ​​Habitat

Maƙiyan halitta na kaska

Arthropods na ɗaya daga cikin matsayi na ƙarshe a cikin sarkar abinci, don haka yawancin nau'ikan suna amfani da su azaman abinci.

Makiya a yanayi gare su sune:

• gizo-gizo;
• kwadi;
• kadangaru;
• tsuntsaye
• almubazzaranci;
• dodon ruwa.

Rarraba Ticks

A cikin duka, an san kimanin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in arachnid 50. Mafi yawansu suna parasites akan mutane, dabbobi da tsirrai. Mai zuwa shine rarrabuwa na nau'ikan dangane da nau'in mai masaukin baki.

Ticks cewa parasitize dabbobi

Wakilan dangin Argasidae da Ixodes suna lalata dabbobi. Kwari suna kai hari ga dabba, suna ciyar da jininta, suna kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta, suna haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki da raunin jiki gaba ɗaya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da nau'ikan:

Ticks da parasitize mutane

Nau'o'in haɗari ga mutane sune:

Ticks parasitic a kan shuke-shuke

Lalacewa ga tsire-tsire na kayan ado da lambuna suna haifar da wakilai na odar acariform, daga cikinsu mites daga mites na Tetranych na dangi suna haifar da babbar illa ga tsirrai. Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da nau'ikan kaska kamar haka:

• yanar gizo;
• lebur;
• galiki.

Janar halaye na ticks na iri daban-daban

Bisa ga rarrabuwar kawuna gabaɗaya na waɗannan arthropods, al'ada ce a raba su zuwa manyan umarni uku: parasitomorphs, akarimorphs, da saprophages. A ƙasa akwai bayanin wasu nau'ikan mites na gama gari.

Yadda ake kamuwa da cututtukan kaska ga mutane

Cututtukan da kaska ke yadawa

Ba kowane mutum ne ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari ba, amma adadin waɗanda suka kamu da cutar ya yi yawa sosai. Mafi yawan cututtukan da ke ɗauke da ticks an bayyana su a ƙasa.

Kwayar cutar kwalara ta Kaska

Mummunan cuta mai saurin yaduwa wanda ke shafar kwakwalwa. An yi la'akari da cutar da ta fi kowa kuma mai hatsarin gaske ga duk wanda ticks ke ɗauke da shi. Babban abin da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta shine arbovirus, wanda aka canjawa wuri zuwa jikin mutum a lokacin cizon.

Har ila yau, kamuwa da cuta yana yiwuwa ta hanyar amfani da danyen madara daga awaki da tumaki.

Lokacin shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 10-14, a wasu lokuta lokacinsa na iya zama kwanaki 60. A matsayinka na mai mulki, cutar ta fara tare da haɓakar zafin jiki mai mahimmanci zuwa ƙimar mahimmanci - digiri 39-39,5. Sauran alamun sun biyo baya:

• sanyi, zazzabi;
• ciwon kai yafi a yankin occipital;
• rashin ƙarfi na gaba ɗaya, lethargy;
• tashin hankali da zubar da ciki;
• rauni na tsoka;
• numbness na fata na fuska da wuyansa;
• ciwon baya.

Hasashen cutar ya dogara ne akan lafiyar majiyyaci gabaɗaya, matakin kamuwa da cuta da nau'in cutar. Sakamakon kamuwa da cuta tare da encephalitis shine damuwa mai tsanani a cikin aiki na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya da kuma rashin fahimta. Mafi munin rikitarwa sun haɗa da:

• cerebral edema;
• koma baya;
• cin zarafi na numfashi da ayyukan motsa jiki;
• kwakwalwa;
• zubar jini a cikin kwakwalwa;
• rashin fahimta.

A halin yanzu babu takamaiman magani don ƙwayar cuta mai ɗauke da kaska. Maganin warkewa na musamman ne na bayyanar cututtuka. Tare da rashin aiki mai zurfi, cikakkiyar farfadowarsu ba zai yiwu ba, kuma cutar sau da yawa tana da sakamako mai mutuwa. A duk faɗin duniya, hanyar da aka yarda da ita don hana cutar encephalitis ita ce alurar riga kafi.

Cutar sankarar barreliosis ta cutar Lyme

Babban dalilin cutar shine kwayoyin Borrelia. Shiga cikin jiki yana haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga gabobin ciki: zuciya, hanta, safiya, idanu da kunnuwa. Hakanan ana shafar tsarin juyayi da tsarin lymphatic. Borreliosis yana faruwa a cikin m ko na yau da kullun. Kamuwa da cuta yana yiwuwa ta hanyar cizon kaska ko madara.

Lokacin shiryawa na cutar yana daga kwanaki 2 zuwa 35, bayan haka alamun bayyanar suna faruwa:

• tsoka da ciwon haɗin gwiwa;
• ciwon kai da dizziness;
• yawan zafin jiki;
• rauni, gajiya;
• jajayen tabo a jiki.

Alamar ƙarshe ita ce takamaiman alamar borreliosis kuma tana bayyana kanta kwanaki 3-30 bayan cizon. A mataki na farko, ana samun sauƙin magance cutar tare da maganin rigakafi, tare da jiyya mara kyau, matsaloli masu tsanani na borreliosis na iya faruwa:

Monocytic ehrlichiosis mai kaska

Dalilin ci gaban cutar shine kamuwa da cuta tare da microorganisms pathogenic - erlichs. Kwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin jini kuma suna yadawa a cikin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, suna haifar da kumburin nodular da yawa.

Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a matakin salula. Foci na kumburi yana hana aikin mahimman gabobin: kasusuwa, hanta, zuciya.

Idan babu magani, cutar ta zama na yau da kullun. Mutum yakan kamu da cutar ne sakamakon cizon kaska da aka yi masa ko kuma daga dabbobin gida da suka cije su.

Alamun Ehrlichiosis:

• raunin jiki na gaba ɗaya, gajiya;
• karuwa a zafin jiki har zuwa digiri 39;
• sanyi, zazzabi;
• bayyanar jajayen rashes akan fata;
• tashin zuciya, amai, gudawa;
• saurin asarar nauyi.

Alamun farko na cutar na iya bayyana a farkon rana ta uku bayan cizon. A wasu lokuta, alamun bayyanar cututtuka na iya zuwa har zuwa kwanaki 21. Maganin Ehrlichiosis ya dogara ne akan tsarin amfani da maganin rigakafi. A matsayinka na mai mulki, tare da magani mai dacewa, cikakken farfadowa yana faruwa a cikin makonni 2-3.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa na ehrlichiosis:

Granulocytic anaplasmosis

Dalilin anaplasmosis shine kwayar cutar anaplasma. Shiga cikin jini, yana yaduwa cikin jiki, yana rushe aikin dukkan gabobin da tsarin.

Yayin da cutar ke ci gaba, tsarin rigakafi ya raunana, kuma yawancin abubuwan kumburi suna bayyana.

A cikin yanayi, masu ɗaukar kwayoyin cutar rodents ne, a cikin birane, beraye, karnuka, da dawakai suna iya kamuwa da ita. Duk da haka, mutum zai iya kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar cizon kaska na ixodid. Lokacin shiryawa yana daga kwanaki 3 zuwa makonni 3. Bayan kammala shi, mutum yana fuskantar alamomi kamar haka:

• zazzabi, sanyi;
• yanayin maye na gaba ɗaya;
• hijira;
• tashin zuciya da amai, ciwon ciki;
• zafi a cikin dama hypochondrium;
• bushe tari, ciwon makogwaro;
• rage karfin jini.

Mafi sau da yawa, cutar tana da sauƙi kuma tana da kyakkyawan hangen nesa. Ana yin maganin anaplasmosis tare da maganin rigakafi. Matsaloli suna faruwa musamman da wuya, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cututtuka masu tsanani.

Tularemia

Dalilin tularemia shine kwayar cutar sanda. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ne ta hanyar cizon kaska na ixodid da kuma sakamakon cin abinci mai cutar.

Mafi yawan duka, kamuwa da cuta yana shafar ƙwayoyin lymph, kuma yana iya rinjayar mucous membrane na idanu, huhu da fata.

Lokacin shiryawa shine mafi yawan kwanaki 3-7, amma yana iya ɗaukar kwanaki 21. Bayyanar cututtuka na tularemia:

• kurji a jiki;
• zazzabi, zazzabi;
• tsoka da ciwon kai;
• ja da ƙonawa na kunci;
• kumburi kumburi;
• rauni, saukar karfin jini.

Ana yin maganin tularemia ne kawai a asibiti. Farfadowa ya ƙunshi matakan dezontication, buɗewar tiyata na suppuration, shan magungunan kashe qwari. Sakamakon cutar:

• m-mai guba girgiza;
• rikicewar tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini;
• ciwon sankarau;
• ciwon huhu na biyu;
• amosanin gabbai.

Mutumin da ba shi da lafiya tare da tularemia yana haɓaka rigakafi mai ƙarfi ga ƙwayoyin cuta.

Hanyar gano kaska a jiki

Idan an sami kwayar cutar parasite a jiki, dole ne a cire shi nan da nan. Ana ba da shawarar tuntuɓar cibiyar kiwon lafiya don wannan. Idan babu sakon taimakon farko a kusa, kuna buƙatar cire alamar da kanku:

• shirya kowane akwati tare da murfi mai ɗorewa don kaska mai nisa da maganin antiseptik don magance rauni;
• sanya safar hannu na roba ko kuma kare fata;
• Ɗauki kayan aiki na musamman don cire ƙwayar cuta ko tweezers na yau da kullum;
• kama kaska a kusa da cizon kamar yadda zai yiwu;
• tare da motsi na gungurawa, cire mai zubar da jini a hankali ba tare da motsawa ba kuma sanya shi a cikin akwati;
• disinfect da rauni.

Dole ne a aika kaska zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman don bincike don sanin ko mai ɗauke da cututtuka masu haɗari ne. Idan sakamakon ya tabbata, ya kamata ku tuntubi likita don tsara matakan rigakafi. A cikin makonni 3, ya kamata ku kula da lafiyar ku a hankali kuma, idan alamu masu ban tsoro sun faru, sanar da likitan ku nan da nan.

Matakan hanyoyin kariya

Lokacin tafiya a cikin yanayi, wajibi ne a lura da yanayin da ke hana shigar da ticks akan fata:

• yin amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman don tunkuɗe parasites;
• saka tufafin waje cikin wando, da wando a cikin safa da takalma;
• yi amfani da sutura da kaho;
• ba da fifiko ga tufafi na launuka masu haske - masu zubar da jini sun fi dacewa da shi;
• kada ku yi tafiya a kan kunkuntar hanyoyi tare da dogayen ciyawa;
• gudanar da bincike kowane sa'o'i 2;
• Idan kun dawo gida, kuyi wanka da wanke tufafi.