Duniya mite: iri, tsari da siffar, abinci mai gina jiki da salon rayuwa, rigakafi
Tushen ko miyan ƙasa matsala ce ta gama gari ga masu lambu da yawa. A cikin adadi kaɗan, har ma suna da amfani kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙirƙirar humus, amma idan sun bayyana da yawa, ana haifar da yanayi mara kyau don haɓaka da haɓaka amfanin gona. Sau da yawa, yaƙar wannan ƙwayar cuta yana da sauƙi fiye da gano shi.
Abubuwa
Matsayin mites na ƙasa a cikin yanayi
Ƙasar ta ƙunshi abubuwa masu rai da marasa rai waɗanda ke cikin haɗuwa daban-daban. Mites na ƙasa suna ba da damar ƙwayoyin cuta su kasance cikakke a cikin ƙasa, kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar adadin humus, yin aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin jujjuyawar ma'adinai, wanda ke ba da damar tsire-tsire su girma a cikin ƙasa, kuma suna aiki azaman masu lalata kwayoyin halitta.
Halayen mites na ƙasa
Ƙasa ko mites na ƙasa sune ƙananan arthropods na nau'in arachnid, tare da tsarin jiki na musamman wanda ke ba shi damar yin tawu ta cikin harsashi na tsire-tsire da kuma yin hanyoyi.
Tsarin da tsari
Parasites na ƙasa suna da halaye masu zuwa:
- girman jiki 0,2-1 mm;
- m jiki tare da wani m surface, yellowish inuwa, translucent;
- 4 nau'i-nau'i na kafafu;
- akwai ƙwaro masu ƙarfi, godiya ga wanda kwaro ya gnaws da motsi a cikin ƙasa.
Zagayowar ci gaban ƙasa mites
Rayuwar rayuwar mites ƙasa ba ta bambanta da ci gaban ci gaban sauran wakilai na wannan subclass na arthropods kuma ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa na ci gaba: kwai, tsutsa, nymph, babba. Kwari suna haifuwa akan tushen da tubers. Mata suna da girma sosai kuma suna iya yin ƙwai 200-300 a wuraren da suka lalace.
Yanayin abinci mai gina jiki
Dangane da nau'in abinci, arachnids sun kasu kashi da yawa:
Suna ciyar da kwayoyin halitta da aka samo a cikin ƙasa.
Suna cin nama.
Suna farauta akan ƙananan kwari da invertebrates.
Nau'in mites da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa
A cikin ƙasa, akan tushen da tubers na shuke-shuke, nau'ikan mites iri biyu sun daidaita: tyrophagus da rhizoglyphus.
Rhizoglyphus
Rhizoglyphus ko kwan fitila na iya cin abinci iri-iri: albasa, dankali, inabi, amfanin gona na ado da hatsi. Girman babba shine 0,8-1 mm., Jikin yana elongated, launin rawaya. Gaɓoɓin gaɓoɓi ne kuma kauri, kowannensu yana da manyan kasoshi.
Idan kwan fitila yana da lalacewar injiniya, kwaro yana ratsa su kuma yana ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Idan babu lalacewa, sai ya yi ramuka da kansa tare da taimakon ƙwanƙwasa masu ƙarfi.
Ya fi son zafi mai zafi, yanayin da ya fi dacewa da shi shine 100% zafi da zafin jiki mai girma - hanyoyin rayuwa na kaska suna haɓaka sosai a zafin jiki na +15 digiri. Matar albasa ta mace tana iya yin har zuwa qwai 800, wanda tsutsa ke bayyana bayan kwanaki 7-10, wanda nan da nan ya fara ciyarwa.
Tayrophagus
Wani suna na irin wannan nau'in parasite shine mite putrefactive. Siffar sa shine siffar elongated da kuma ikon haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga 'ya'yan itace. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, parasite yana rayuwa a cikin zurfin yadudduka na ƙasa, amma tare da haɓakar zafi mai yawa, yana motsawa zuwa shuka, yana ba da fifiko ga ƙananan harbe.
Alamomin kamuwa da tyrophagus sun haɗa da:
- bushewar kwararan fitila da bayyanar tabo akan su;
- juya cikin tubers zuwa ƙura;
- bayyanar nama mai launin ruwan kasa mai tabo a saman ciki na ganyen, a zahiri yana kama da plaque.
Babban hanyar sarrafa kwaro na wannan nau'in shine ka'idojin danshi na ƙasa. Ya kamata a adana kayan shuka a cikin daki mai bushe, dole ne a dumi shi kafin dasa. Ba za a yi amfani da kwararan fitila tare da lalacewa ba, amma an cire su nan da nan. Don maganin amfanin gona mai cutarwa, ana amfani da phytoverm, nissoran, shirye-shiryen sunmite.
Mite na duniya: alamun kamuwa da cuta
A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, kwari suna rayuwa a cikin zurfin yadudduka na ƙasa. Idan arthropods ya zama bayyane a saman ƙasa, to, adadin su ya wuce ƙimar da aka yarda da su kuma suna ninka da sauri. Sauran alamomin kamuwa da mite a duniya sun hada da:
- bayyanar a cikin yankin tushen tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire masu yawa, wanda ƙananan fararen ƙura ke gani;
- kwararan fitila sun bushe kuma suna bushewa, ana iya ganin alamun ruɓa;
- tubers zama sako-sako da, ruɓaɓɓen, tarwatse a hannun;
- raguwa a cikin ci gaban shuka, nakasar primordia na stalks na fure;
- wani ƙamshi mai ƙyalƙyali yana fitowa daga ƙasa;
- ƙananan ramuka suna bayyane akan ganye, kama da nau'in allura;
- kasancewar harsashi na larvae a cikin ƙasa;
- launin ruwan kasa shafi a saman ciki na ganye.
Saboda girman girman su, ba zai yiwu a ga kwari da ido tsirara ba, amma ana iya gani a fili ta gilashin ƙara girma.
Ƙasar ƙasa mites: hanyoyin sarrafawa
Yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa dole ne ya zama cikakke. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da sinadarai, jiki da hanyoyin jama'a.
Harin sinadaran
Chemicals shine makoma ta ƙarshe don magance kwari. Dole ne a fahimci cewa ko da yake magungunan zamani suna da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta, har yanzu suna iya cutar da mutum.
Maganin kwari
Ana kiran magungunan kashe kwari marasa takamaiman kwayoyi, aikin da aka yi shi akan nau'ikan kwari da yawa. Don magance mites na ƙasa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da kwayoyi masu zuwa:
Acaricides
Ayyukan shirye-shiryen acaricidal an tsara su ne a kan wakilan rukunin arachnid. Sinadaran da suka hada da abubuwan acaricidal suna haifar da gurguntsi da mutuwa a cikin kaska. Shirye-shiryen da ke gaba sun nuna mafi girman tasiri a cikin yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa:
tasiri na jiki
Don inganta tsire-tsire da lalata ƙwayoyin ƙasa, ban da jiyya tare da kwayoyi, yana da kyau a aiwatar da wani tsari na ƙarin matakan.
Tsaftace ƙasa da tacewa
Babban dalilin haifuwa mai aiki na mites na ƙasa shine wuce haddi na danshi da kwayoyin halitta marasa lalacewa.
Ana iya daidaita waɗannan alamomi ta hanyar tsaftacewa da tace ƙasa da maido da ma'auni.
Don yin wannan, wajibi ne don rage yawan ruwa, don tsire-tsire na cikin gida, haifar da magudanar ruwa a kasan tukunyar.
Dasawa shuka zuwa ƙasa maras kyau
Idan ƙasa ta cika da ƙwayoyin cuta, to dole ne a maye gurbinta da wani sabo. Don haka halin da ake ciki tare da bayyanar adadi mai yawa na parasites bai sake faruwa ba, ana bada shawarar bakara ƙasa. Kuna iya yin haka ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- gasa a cikin tanda har sai yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa ya kai digiri 80;
- dumi a cikin microwave don 90 seconds;
- dafa a cikin wani saucepan, yin barci a cikin ruwan zãfi kuma jira minti 15.
Soaking tushen shuka a cikin ruwa
Kafin dasawa, tushen shuka ya kamata kuma a lalata shi. Don yin wannan, da farko, wajibi ne a cire tsohuwar ƙasa daga gare su gaba ɗaya, cire iyakar yuwuwar adadin ƙasa ta hanyar injiniya, sannan kuma aiwatar da jiƙa da yawa tare da canjin ruwa.
Girke-girke jama'a
Akwai kuma girke-girke na jama'a don kashe tsire-tsire da kuma yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa.
Decoction na tansy
Decoction na tansy zai taimaka wajen kawar da tushen shuka yadda ya kamata kuma ya hana bayyanar mites. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar shirya decoction: 100 gr. busassun tansy zuba 1 lita na ruwa da tafasa na minti 15. Sanya ruwan da ke fitowa, sannan a sauke tushen ko kwararan fitila na shukar mai cutar a cikinta na rabin sa'a.
Matakan rigakafin kamuwa da cuta
Mafi sau da yawa, mites suna farawa a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Don guje wa kamuwa da kamuwa da waɗannan kwari, ana ba da shawarar ku bi shawarwari masu zuwa:
- ya kamata a ba da furanni na cikin gida mai tukwane tare da magudanar ruwa mai kyau, kada a shayar da tsire-tsire da yawa, ya kamata a kiyaye pallet a bushe;
- Ana ba da shawarar dasa shuki a adana shi a cikin fakitin da aka rufe, a cikin duhu da kwanciyar hankali dangane da yanayin zafi, yakamata a lalata shi kafin dasa shuki;
- lokacin da alamun farko na kamuwa da cuta suka bayyana, dole ne a dauki matakan kawar da su nan da nan.