Rhinoceros ƙwaro tsutsa da babba mai ƙaho a kansa
Ana ɗaukar odar Coleoptera a matsayin mafi bambance-bambance kuma tana da matsayi na gaba dangane da adadin nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi. Bisa kididdigar da hukuma ta bayar, wannan rukunin kwari yana da nau'in berayen ƙwaro kusan dubu 390 waɗanda a halin yanzu suke rayuwa a duniya, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu halittu ne na musamman.
Abubuwa
Rhinoceros beetles: hoto
Menene ƙwanƙarar karkanda
name: na kowa ƙwanƙarar karkanda
Yaren Latin: Oryctes nasicornisClass Kwari - Kwari
Kama: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
Iyali: Lamellar - Scarabaeidae
 | Wuraren zama: | ko'ina cikin yanayi mai dumi |
 | Mai haɗari ga: | amfanin, sake sarrafa ragowar |
 | Hanyar halaka: | ba buƙatar halaka ba |
Ƙwarƙarar ƙwaro na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi sani da dangin lamellar. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da wuya a rikitar da kowa, saboda su Babban abin da ke bambanta shi ne tsayin tsayi mai lanƙwasa a kai, yana tuno da siffar ƙahon karkanda. Godiya ga wannan siffa cewa kwari na wannan nau'in ana kiransu beetles rhinoceros.
Bayyanar da tsarin jiki na ƙwanƙarar karkanda
| Girman jiki da siffar | Jikin balagaggen ƙwanƙarar ƙanƙara na iya kaiwa tsayin 2,5-4,5 cm. Launin ya mamaye sautunan launin ruwan kasa kuma wani lokacin akwai launin ja. Fuskokin kai, pronotum, da elytra koyaushe ana bambanta su ta hanyar siffa ta sheen. Siffar jiki tana da faɗi da yawa, kuma gefensa na sama yana da dunƙulewa. |
| Shugaban | Kan karami ne kuma siffa kamar triangle. A gefen akwai eriya da idanu. Antennae ya ƙunshi sassa 10 kuma suna da kulab ɗin lamellar a ƙarshen, halayen danginsu. |
| kahon ƙwaro | A tsakiya, a cikin sashin hanci na kai, akwai ƙaho mai lanƙwasa. Wannan sashin jiki yana haɓaka sosai a cikin maza kawai. A lokaci guda kuma, ba sa amfani da shi azaman makami don kariya ko faɗa a lokacin lokacin jima'i, kuma manufar irin wannan gaɓa mai haske ya kasance ba a sani ba. Amma ga mata, ƙaramin tubercle ne kawai ya bayyana a madadin ƙaho. |
| Yawo | Ƙwarƙarar irin ƙwaro tana da fuka-fuki masu tasowa kuma duk da nauyin jikinsa, waɗannan kwari suna iya tashi sosai. A yayin gwajin kimiyya, an tabbatar da cewa suna iya ci gaba da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a nesa mai nisan kilomita 50. A lokaci guda, masana kimiyya sun gamsu cewa, idan aka ba da tsarin jikinsu da duk dokokin da ake da su na aerodynamics, kada ƙwanƙarar rhinoceros su tashi. |
| Tafiya | Gaɓoɓin ƙwanƙarar karkanda suna da ƙarfi. An tsara ƙafafu na gaba don tono sabili da haka an sanye su da fadi, ƙananan ƙafafu na ƙananan ƙafa, da hakora masu hakora tare da gefen waje. Tibiae na biyu na tsakiya da na baya suma sun dan kara fadada kuma suna da hakora. Akan tafukan duka biyun biyun na gaɓoɓi, akwai dogayen farauta masu tsayi da ƙarfi. |
Rhinoceros irin ƙwaro tsutsa
Sabbin tsutsa na ƙwanƙarar karkanda ta kai tsayin 2-3 cm kawai, amma godiya ga abinci mai gina jiki, yana girma zuwa girma mai ban sha'awa a cikin 'yan shekaru. A lokacin pupation, tsawon jikinta zai iya isa 8-11 cm.
Rhinoceros irin ƙwaro salon rayuwa
Manya na ƙwanƙwaran ƙwanƙwasa ba sa rayuwa mai tsawo - daga watanni 2 zuwa 4. A cikin yanayi daban-daban, jirginsu yana faruwa a ƙarshen bazara, ko a tsakiyar lokacin rani.
Babban aikin imago shine barin zuriya.
Rhinoceros ƙwaro mace.
Wasu masana kimiyya suna jayayya cewa kwari a wannan mataki ba sa ciyarwa, amma kawai suna amfani da ajiyar da aka tara a cikin tsutsa.
Beetles suna aiki da faɗuwar rana da daddare. Wani lokaci, "karndari", kamar sauran kwari na dare, tashi zuwa tushen haske mai haske. A cikin yini, ƙwaro yakan ɓoye a cikin bishiyoyi marasa ƙarfi ko kuma saman ƙasa.
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan jima'i da kwanciya ƙwai, manyan ƙwanƙwaran karkanda sun mutu. Kwari suna barin wuraren da suke kwai kusa da tushen abinci mai dacewa:
- ruɓaɓɓen kututture;
- tarin taki;
- ramukan takin;
- sawdust;
- ruɓaɓɓen kututturan itace;
- m.
Abincin larvae ya haɗa da ragowar bishiyoyi, shrubs da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Wani lokaci suna iya canzawa zuwa tushen rai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suke cutar da irin waɗannan amfanin gona:
- wardi;
- peach;
- inabi;
- apricots.
Yankin rarrabawa
Kewayon ƙwanƙolin karkanda ya mamaye mafi yawan yankin gabas. Ana iya samun wakilan wannan nau'in a kan yankuna da ƙasashe:
- Tsakiya da Kudancin Turai;
- Arewacin Afirka;
- Ƙananan Asiya da Tsakiyar Asiya;
- Arewa maso Gabashin Turkiyya;
- Hanyar tsakiya;
- Yankunan kudancin Rasha;
- Yammacin Siberiya;
- Yankunan kudu maso yammacin China da Indiya;
- Arewacin Kazakhstan.
Don rayuwar beetles na wannan nau'in, kawai yanayin tsibirin Birtaniyya, yankuna arewacin Rasha, Iceland da ƙasashen Scandinavia sun zama marasa dacewa.
Habitat
Da farko dai, ‘yan karkanda sun rayu ne kawai a cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzuka masu fadi, amma saboda sauye-sauyen da ake samu a duniya, sai da suka wuce wurin da suka saba. A halin yanzu, ana iya samun ƙwanƙarar karkanda a wasu nau'ikan ƙasa da kusa da mutane.
Wurare masu daɗi:
- iska;
- mataki;
- rabin hamada;
- taiga.
Kusa da mutane:
- greenhouses;
- greenhouses;
- tarin taki;
- ramukan taki.
Darajar ƙwanƙarar karkanda a yanayi
Irin ƙwaro da ƙaho a kansa.
Rhinoceros beetle larvae da wuya suna ciyar da sassan tsire-tsire masu rai kuma suna yin hakan ne kawai lokacin da babu wata hanyar abinci. Saboda haka, su ba kwari ba ne kuma lalacewar su ga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna keɓance lokuta. Kimiyya ta san kadan game da abinci na manya, sabili da haka ba a la'akari da su kwari na amfanin gona ko itatuwan 'ya'yan itace.
Imago da larvae na ƙwanƙarar karkanda sun mamaye wuri mai mahimmanci a cikin sarkar abinci. kunshe a cikin abinci na da yawa kananan dabbobin daji, kamar:
- tsuntsaye
- amphibians;
- kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa;
- dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Su ma tsutsa na wannan nau'in suna amfana ta hanyar cin matattun itacen da sauran tarkacen tsirrai. Don haka, suna hanzarta aiwatar da rushewar su sosai.
Matsayin kiyayewa na karkanda beetles
Rhinoceros ƙwaro.
Wakilan wannan nau'in sun yaɗu sosai kuma har ma sun dace da rayuwa a wajen yanayin yanayin su. Amma har yanzu adadinsu yana raguwa sannu a hankali kuma hakan yana faruwa ne saboda ayyukan ɗan adam.
Mutane a kowace shekara suna sare itatuwa masu yawa kuma, da farko, ana amfani da tsofaffi da tsire-tsire marasa lafiya waɗanda suka fara mutuwa. Saboda haka, adadin ruɓaɓɓen itace, wanda shine tushen abinci ga tsutsa na ƙwanƙarar karkanda, yana raguwa kowace shekara.
A halin yanzu, ƙwanƙarar karkanda ana kiyaye su a cikin ƙasashe masu zuwa:
- Czech;
- Slovakiya;
- Poland
- Moldova.
A Rasha, irin wannan irin ƙwaro an jera su a cikin Red Books na irin waɗannan yankuna:
- Yankin Astrakhan;
- Jamhuriyar Karelia;
- Jamhuriyar Mordovia;
- Yankin Saratov;
- Yankin Stavropol;
- yankin Vladimir;
- Yankin Kaluga;
- Yankin Kostroma;
- Yankin Lipetsk;
- Jamhuriyar Dagestan;
- Jamhuriyar Chechen;
- Jamhuriyar Khakassia.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da ƙwanƙarar karkanda
Duk da fadinsa, wannan nau'in har yanzu ba a fahimta sosai ba. Akwai abubuwa da yawa na ƙwanƙarar karkanda waɗanda ke ba masana kimiyya mamaki.
Rhinoceros beetles manya ne, manya-manyan kwari kuma girman fiffikensu ya yi kankanta don irin wannan jiki mai nauyi. Babu wata ka'ida ta zamani ta kimiyyar sararin samaniya da za ta iya bayyana hanyoyin da ka'idojin da waɗannan beetles ke tashi.
A ƙarƙashin rinjayar hasken ultraviolet, elytra na ƙwanƙwaran ƙwanƙwasa suna samun kaddarorin semiconductor, kuma gashin da ke jikinsa na iya tara ƙarfin lantarki. Idan ƙwaro na karkanda mai tashi ya faɗo kan mutum da yamma, wanda abin ya shafa na iya jin ɗan girgizar wutar lantarki.
Yawancin tushen bayanai game da beetles na karkanda, saboda dalilai da ba a sani ba, sun sami digiri na "asiri" da "don amfani da hukuma", don haka akwai cikakkun bayanai game da wakilan wannan nau'in a cikin jama'a.
ƙarshe
Rhinoceros beetles halittu ne na musamman kuma yawancin fasalullukansu, duk da faffadan mazauninsu, har yanzu ba a gano su ba. Kasancewar adadin wakilan wannan nau'in yana raguwa sannu a hankali yana ƙaruwa da mahimmancin su, saboda beetles rhinoceros ba kawai asirin masana kimiyya ba ne kawai, amma har ma da tsari na gandun daji.
A baya