Bug beetles: cutarwa da amfanin babban iyali

Bug beetles: hoto

Wanene 'yan baranda

name: Iyalin Naryvniki
Latin: Meloidae

Class Kwari - Kwari
Kama: Coleoptera - Coleoptera

	Wuraren zama:	steppe, Semi-hamada, wurare masu zafi
	Mai haɗari ga:	yawancin tsire-tsire, mutane da dabbobi
	Hanyar halaka:	ya dogara da nau'in, daga nazarin halittu zuwa hanyoyin sinadarai

Ana kiran blisters wakilan daya daga cikin shahararrun iyalan beetles. Wadannan kwari sun bambanta daga sauran saboda launin launi mai haske, kasancewar guba mai karfi a cikin jini da kuma salon rayuwa mai ban sha'awa na tsutsa.

Menene burrs yayi kama

Zagayowar rayuwa na blister.

Yawancin dangin blister matsakaita ne zuwa manyan kwari. Tsawon jikinsu zai iya bambanta daga 5 mm zuwa 50 mm. Shugaban yana da siffar zagaye ko triangular, kuma an sanye shi da hadadden idanuwa da eriya. Ƙarshen ya ƙunshi sassa 8-11 kuma a yawancin nau'in sun ɗan faɗaɗa su zuwa gefe na sama.

Pronotum a yawancin wakilan wannan nau'in shine mafi girman ɓangaren jiki. Elytra suna da ƙarfi sosai, tsayin siffa kuma galibi ana fentin su cikin launuka masu haske. Mafi shahara zabin launi na rufe:

• ja mai haske tare da dige baki;
• baki tare da rawaya-orange spots da fadi da ratsi;
• kore tare da karfe sheen;
• orange mai haske tare da ƙananan baƙar fata;
• baki ko shudi-baki tare da sheen karfe.

Mata da maza yawanci ba su da bambance-bambance na waje mai ban mamaki, amma a wasu nau'in mutum na iya lura da karuwa mai karfi a cikin ciki a cikin mata, ko kuma an gyara eriya a cikin maza.

Bug beetles.

Yawancin nau'ikan blisters suna alfahari da fikafikai masu haɓaka sosai, suna mai da su ƙwararrun ƙwararru. Ƙafafun wakilan wannan iyali suna da kyau don tafiya da gudu. Akwai adadin spurs akan kafafu.

A lokacin tsutsa, abscesses suna aiki sosai kuma suna jagorantar salon rayuwa mafi rinjaye. Nan da nan bayan an haife su, suna da ƙafafu masu tasowa sosai kuma babban burinsu shine ƙaura zuwa wurin da ya dace da abinci. A matakai na gaba na ci gaba, tsutsa yana ciyar da kusan duk lokacinsa don abinci.

Blisters Habitat

Na dogon lokaci, mazaunin blisters ya iyakance ga ƙasashen Turai, Asiya da Afirka. Kwari sun fi son bude steppe da wuraren hamada, kuma saboda yanayin zafi, yawancin waɗannan beetles ana samun su a wurare masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi. A halin yanzu, ana iya samun waɗannan kwari masu haske a duk nahiyoyi banda Antarctica.

Sunan mahaifi ma'anar Schiffer.

A cikin Rasha, nau'ikan blisters suna rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu zuwa:

• Yankunan kudu maso gabas;
• Yankin Turai na ƙasar;
• Kudu maso yamma da Gabashin Siberiya;
• Primorye;
• North Caucasus.

Hanyar rayuwar 'yan damfara

Manya na yawancin nau'in blister suna cin abinci ne kawai akan abincin asalin shuka. Wasu wakilai ne aphages kuma ba sa buƙatar abinci kwata-kwata. A cikin abincin manya na iya kasancewa:

Larvae yawanci parasitic ne.. Mafi yawan blisters suna kwanciya ƙwayayen su kusa da gidan wanda zai iya zama wanda zai iya zama:

Sufuri na tsutsa

Ƙananan kwari akan fure.

Godiya ga gaɓoɓin da suka ci gaba, jim kaɗan bayan haihuwa, tsutsa ta hau tushen tsire-tsire kuma tana jiran ɗan takarar da ya dace. Da zaran mai yuwuwar “mai cin gurasa” ya bayyana a sararin sama, ba zato ba tsammani ya manne kanta a jikinsa. Wanda aka azabtar da shi ba tare da tsammani ba yana isar da ƙwayar cuta mai haɗari kai tsaye zuwa gidanta, inda tsutsa ta sauko daga "motsawa" kuma ta fara ɗaukar abinci. Abincinta na iya haɗawa da:

• oviposition;
• tsutsa;
• hannun jarin abinci da manyan kwari suka shirya don zuriyarsu.

Illa da amfanin blisters

Tunda manya blister beetles sune phytophages, wasu nau'ikan su na iya cutar da amfanin gona. Wannan ya fi faruwa a lokacin da ake samun karuwar yawan jama'a. Yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu zuwa galibi suna fama da mamayewar abscesses:

Don mutane da dabbobi

Dafin blister yana da haɗari ga mutane.

Saboda laifin manya mutane na blisters, ba kawai tsire-tsire ke shan wahala ba, har ma dabbobi. Tunda hemolymph na waɗannan kwari ya ƙunshi guba mai haɗari, suna haifar da barazana ga kusan dukkanin rayayyun halittu. Ƙwayoyin suna ciyar da mafi yawan lokutansu akan ganye da furanni na shuka, don haka dabbobin da suke kiwo a cikin gonaki sukan cinye su tare da ciyawa. Irin wannan ƙari ga abincin kayan lambu zai iya zama haɗari ga rayuwa da lafiyar dabba.

Har ila yau dafin blivers na iya zama haɗari da ga mutane. Ko ga babba, mai lafiya, kwarin da aka ci zai iya kashe rayuwa. Idan ka ɗauki wannan ƙwaro da hannunka, to, zai ji hatsarin kuma, don kare kansa, zai saki hemolymph mai guba daga gland na musamman akan kafafu. Bayan tuntuɓar wani abu mai guba, alamun rashin jin daɗi sun fara bayyana akan fata:

Kadai Amfanin da blister beetles zai iya kawowa shine pollination na shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in da ke ciyar da nectar furanni suna ba da gudummawar pollination na yawan amfanin gona daban-daban. A lokaci guda, haifuwa na wasu wakilan flora kai tsaye ya dogara da waɗannan kwari.

tsutsa tsutsa

Ba kamar manyan beetles, blister larvae yana da kyau fiye da lahani. Sau da yawa sukan yi parasitize a cikin gidaje na fari kuma suna kashe matasa masu tasowa, wanda ke tasiri sosai ga yawan waɗannan kwari. Kuma kamar yadda ka sani, fara ne mafi hatsarin kwari na shuka shuka.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa matasa ƙarni na wasu nau'in blister fi son parasitize a cikin nests na zuma ƙudan zuma da kuma irin wannan unguwa na iya haifar da tsanani cutar da kudan zuma mallaka.

Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan blisters

Iyalin blisters sun haɗa da fiye da nau'ikan 2000, amma kusan 100 daga cikinsu ana iya samun su a cikin Rasha. Mafi yawanci sune nau'ikan masu zuwa.

Amfani da abscesses a cikin maganin gargajiya

Abu mai guba da ke cikin jinin blister beetles ana kiransa cantharidin. Wannan guba yana da matukar hadari ga rayuwar dan adam da lafiyar dan adam, amma duk da haka, an yi amfani da shi sosai a matsayin maganin aphrodisiac har zuwa karni na 20.

Don shirye-shiryen "warkarwa" foda, man shafawa da tinctures, an yi amfani da wakilan nau'in - kwari na Mutanen Espanya.

Yin amfani da irin waɗannan kwayoyi, ko da kaɗan, daga ƙarshe ya haifar da rushewar ayyukan gabobin da yawa masu mahimmanci, amma ko da sanin hakan, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da amfani da su.

ƙarshe

Wakilan dangin blisters sun yadu a ƙasashe da yawa. Ana iya samun waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan kwari masu kyau a kan tsire-tsire masu furanni, amma kar ka manta cewa hulɗa da su na iya zama haɗari. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga yara ƙanana, saboda matasa masu bincike koyaushe suna ƙoƙari su koyi sabon abu.