Kwari na lambun, lambun da gida: ƙananan kwari - babban cutarwa
Kowane mai lambu, mai lambu da mai son tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire yana mafarkin cewa tsiron da yake kulawa zai farantawa da kamanninsu da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi ko kayan marmari. Amma akwai kwari da za su iya tsoma baki tare da wannan.
Abubuwa
Wanene kwari
A cewar Wikipedia, kwaro dabba ce da ke cutar da mutum, lafiyarsa, yawan amfanin gona ko ingancinsa. Bugu da ƙari, lalacewar na iya bambanta gaba ɗaya, kamar kayan da aka lalace ko lalacewar tattalin arziki.
Akwai nau'ikan kwari daban-daban waɗanda suke ciyarwa ta hanya ɗaya ko wata kuma suna da abubuwan da suka fi so.
Kwari na iya zama iri-iri. Wannan:
- dabbobi masu shayarwa;
- kwari
- arachnids;
- slugs
- kaska;
- tsuntsaye.
Don samun sauƙin gano wanda ke cikin wane nau'in, an raba su cikin sharadi da yawa subtypes.
- Dabbobin da za su iya cutar da mutane, dabbobi ko dabbobi.
- noma kwari. Lambun da lambun kayan lambu ya shafa.
- Brownies da kwari na sito waɗanda ke lalata kayayyaki da hannun jari.
- Kwayoyin cuta da ke wanzuwa ta hanyar kuɗin wasu dabbobi, wani bangare ko gaba ɗaya suna rayuwa akan su.
Cututtukan noma
Mafi yawan kwari na noma sune kwari. Su kuma, sun kasu kashi da dama.
Kwarin bishiya:
- leaf beetles;
- sawflies;
- barbels;
- tsutsotsi na siliki;
- haushi beetles.
Dabarun nau'ikan
An gano manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan kwari guda biyar ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta.
Waɗannan tsutsotsi daban-daban dubu 24 ne. Daga cikinsu akwai parasites da ƴancin rai. Suna parasitize a kan tsire-tsire a cikin fili da kuma a cikin greenhouse. Sakamakon lalacewa ga tushen tsarin, tsire-tsire suna raguwa da girma da ci gaba, kuma suna fama da cututtukan fungal.
Dabbobi masu girma dabam waɗanda za su iya ci duka abincin shuka da jini mai dumi. Daga cikin tsiro akwai kwayoyin cuta na waje wadanda suke bata gani suna shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace (gizo-gizo) da kwayoyin cuta na ciki wadanda ke rayuwa a cikin koda da kuma karkashin bawon (galls).
Babban aji na wakilai waɗanda ke da abu ɗaya gama gari - jikin yana rufe da chitin mai yawa. Suna iya samun nau'in taunawa ko tsotsa, wanda zai basu damar cin abinci iri-iri. Su madigo ne, suna rayuwa a duk faɗin duniya kuma tsarin rayuwarsu ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa.
Waɗannan su ne invertebrates masu laushi tare da ko ba tare da harsashi ba. Mafi cutarwa shine gastropods da ke rayuwa a duniya. Suna tafiya a hankali tare da tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire, suna kai farmaki ga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin greenhouses, greenhouses da greenhouses.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa iri-iri da ke cutar da lambunan kayan lambu da gonaki. Saboda takamaiman tsari na incisors, suna buƙatar ƙasa ƙasa, don haka kwari suna taunawa koyaushe. Suna haɓaka da haɓaka da sauri, suna cin abinci da yawa, suna girma zuwa manyan masu girma dabam. Suna yawan ɗaukar cututtuka da kaska.
Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da ƙwarewar su
Kwari suna ciyar da tsire-tsire da aka noma da na daji. Amma suna da abubuwan da suka fi son abinci. Akwai nau'ikan iri uku gabaɗaya:
- Oligophages. Suna ciyar da tsire-tsire masu nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) ciyar da tsire-tsire masu dangantaka.
- Monophages. Irin abinci ne kawai aka fi so.
- Polyphages. Wadanda suke ciyar da kungiyoyi daban-daban da nau'ikan tsire-tsire.
Sun kuma haɗa da rarrabuwa akan gaskiyar abinci mai gina jiki tare da gabobin da sassan shuka:
- tushen lalacewa;
- yankin tushen kwari;
- cin ganye;
- kwari akan allura;
- kara kwari;
- kwayoyin halitta.
Ƙungiyoyin kwari
Akwai manyan ƙungiyoyi 14 na kwari, waɗanda suka haɗa da kusan duk kwari. A cikin kayan da aka tsara, wasu dabbobi masu cutarwa da suke wanzu kuma suna da yawa a kan yankin Tarayyar Rasha da kewaye.
Na dabam, yana da daraja lura da keɓancewar kwari. Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan daban ne waɗanda ke wanzuwa kawai a wasu yankuna. A ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace, suna faɗaɗa kewayon su.
Kwari na gida da mites
Mite.
Waɗannan kwari ne waɗanda ke zaune kai tsaye kusa da mutum, a cikin gida, cellar da gidan wanka. Suna yin lalacewa da yawa:
- cutar da lafiya;
- cizon dabbobi;
- ganimar hannun jari;
- lalata kayan daki da gida.
dabbobin kwari
Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke shiga jikin dabba da kansu ko kuma masu ɗauke da cututtuka. Saduwa da wakilan wannan rukuni a cikin dabbobi sau da yawa yakan shiga, amma kamuwa da cuta ba koyaushe yana faruwa ba. Abubuwan da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa sun haɗa da:
- irin dabba;
Gadfly.
- shekarunsa;
- nau'in parasite
- lambobin kwaro;
- juriya na jiki;
- dangantakar mai masaukin baki-parasite.
Mutane kwari
Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da kwari da dabbobi masu lalata da kuma ɗaukar cututtuka. Wannan nau'in yana da girma sosai kuma ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyi da yawa:
- A jikin mutum. Waɗannan duk nau'ikan laƙa ne, ticks da pedicles. Suna rayuwa har abada a jikin mutum.
Tashi
- yan gida. Wannan ya haɗa da ƙuma da kwari. Suna ciyar da dabbobi masu jinni, suna iya canza runduna kuma su zauna a kusa, amma ba kai tsaye a kan mai watsa shiri ba.
- hade da kauye. Babban rukuni na kwari waɗanda ke tare da mutane a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu, garuruwa da ƙauyuka. Waɗannan su ne kwari, sauro, sauro.
- Daga yanayin waje. Waɗannan su ne abin da ake kira "kwari", kwari masu kai hari ga mutane da dabbobi a sararin sama. A cikin wannan rukuni: kwari, midges, ticks, sauro, doki.
Misalai na kwari ta nau'in abinci
Yi la'akari, alal misali, ƙungiyoyin kwari da yawa ta nau'in abinci.
Hanyoyin Kula da Kwari
Ana zaɓar hanyoyin musamman kawai bayan an ƙayyade nau'in kwari. Amma akwai wasu hanyoyin gama gari.
- Agrothenic. Dabarun da za su taimaka wajen kara yawan amfanin gonaki.
- Immunological. Dasa iri iri masu tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari.
- Halittu. Amfani da pathogenic microorganisms da predators.
- Chemical. Waɗannan magungunan kashe qwari ne da abubuwa masu guba waɗanda ke lalata kwari.
- Kimiyyar halittu. Hanyoyi don rage ko gaba daya dakatar da iyawar haifuwa na kwaro.
- Mechanical. Hanyoyin tattarawa da kamawa, tare da taimakon ƙananan hanyoyi da hannaye.
Matakan hanyoyin kariya
Yana da sauƙi don kare kanku, gidan ku da gidan ku daga shigar baƙi maras so fiye da kawar da su daga baya. Akwai matakan kariya masu sauƙi da yawa.
- Kula da tsafta a cikin gida da wurin. Wannan ya haɗa da tsaftace wurin daga ciyawa, gidaje daga tarkace da hanyoyin haɗari.
Tarin kwari masu cutarwa.
- Matakan tsaro. Lokacin barin yanayi, wajibi ne a yi amfani da kayan kariya, a cikin lambun da kuma a cikin lambun.
- Shirye-shiryen gida. Don hana kwari daga shiga gidan, kuna buƙatar rufe tsagewar, samar da iska da tarin datti.
- Tsaron yanar gizo. Ƙungiya mai kyau, tarin datti, ajiye ramukan takin zai hana bayyanar kwari.
- Rigakafi. Idan an aiwatar da feshin kan lokaci a cikin lambun, wanke fata, tsaftacewa da pruning, zai rage yawan jama'a kawai.
ƙarshe
Cututtukan kwari wani yanki ne na yanayi kuma maƙwabtan mutane akai-akai. Amma suna da illa idan ba a kula da yawan jama'a ba. Wajibi ne a saka idanu adadin su da matakin shiga cikin rayuwar mutane da ƙoƙarin zama tare da su kaɗan gwargwadon yiwu, kare gidan ku da rukunin yanar gizon ku.
A baya