Sarrafa mite na Varroa: hanyoyin gargajiya da na gwaji na sarrafa amya da maganin ƙudan zuma
Varroatosis cuta ce mai haɗari na ƙudan zuma, ba tare da magani na yanayi biyu ko uku ba, zai iya haifar da ɓarna na ƙudan zuma. Wanda ake kira da Varroa destructor mite. Kwayoyin cuta suna haifar da tsangwama ga kudan zuma, asarar fuka-fuki, da sauran munanan illolin, gami da cututtukan hoto da na kwayan cuta, a ƙarshe suna kashe dukan mazauna yankin. Varroosis, duk da haka, ba sabon abu ba ne saboda masu kiwon kudan zuma suna yakar ta tun shekarun 1980. Wannan labarin shine game da maganin ƙudan zuma daga varroatosis.
Abubuwa
- Varroatosis na ƙudan zuma: janar halaye na cutar
- Hanyoyi don bincikar varroatosis
- Amfani da sinadarai, a cikin watannin da ya kamata a yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin yaki da ƙwayar kudan zuma
- Formanins: bipin, anitraz, tactin
- Varroatosis na ƙudan zuma: jiyya tare da magungunan jama'a
- Hanyoyin jiki
- Hanyoyin fasaha na Zootechnical na yaki da varroatosis
- Sakamakon kudan zuma
- Rigakafin kaska a cikin ƙudan zuma
Varroatosis na ƙudan zuma: janar halaye na cutar
Yana shafar kudan zuma manya da kuma tsutsa. A farkon mataki na cutar, babu alamun, don haka masu kiwon zuma ba sa zargin wani abu.
Ƙudan zuma kamuwa da mite hibernate mugun, tashi kafin lokaci da kuma nuna restlessly, ba su samar da wani taro. Suna da saurin cin abinci kuma a kan wannan yanayin na iya fama da gudawa.
Bayyanar kaska: hoto
Hanyoyi da hanyoyin kamuwa da kudan zuma da kaska
Yaɗuwar varroatosis tsakanin apiaries yana sauƙaƙe ta:
- fashin ƙudan zuma daga yankuna masu ƙarfi da lafiya, hare-hare akan yankuna masu rauni da marasa lafiya;
- ƙudan zuma suna tashi tsakanin amya;
- jirage marasa matuki masu ƙaura waɗanda ke tashi zuwa wasu amya;
- kamuwa da tarin balaguron balaguro;
- ciniki a cikin ƙudan zuma na sarauniya;
- lambobin sadarwa na sarauniya da drones a lokacin tashin jirgin sama;
- mai kiwon kudan zuma lokacin da yake aiki a cikin apiary, alal misali, ta hanyar canja wurin combs tare da dangin da suka kamu da cutar zuwa yankuna masu lafiya;
- kwarin ƙudan zuma da na kudan zuma, irin su ƙwanƙwasa, waɗanda galibi suna sace zuma daga amya.
Ta yaya cutar ke tasowa?
A cikin kudan zuma mai cutar, ana lura da haka:
- asarar nauyi ta 5-25%;
- rage rayuwa da 4-68%;
- Haka kuma ci gaban kudan zuma ya damu.
Gabaɗayan illolin ciyar da ɓarnar Varroa akan brood:
- raguwa na ciki;
- rashin ci gaban fuka-fuki;
- mutuwar aure.
Ci gaban mites a kan brood yana haifar da cin zarafi na metamorphosis, ana samun gagarumin ci gaban anomalies a cikin ƙudan zuma masu cutar. Don haka, ƙudan zuma masu lafiya suna fitar da su daga cikin hita bayan ƴan kwanaki.
Yadda cutar ke bayyana kanta alamun hoton asibiti
Garken ƙudan zuma masu kamuwa da cuta sun zama "lalalata", kuma aikin iyali ba shi da inganci.
Ƙananan inna yana raunana iyali sosai kuma yana rage yawan aiki.
Wannan rashin bayyanar cututtuka yakan haifar da masu kiwon kudan zuma waɗanda ba su fara maganin iyali ba. Yawan parasites sai ya girma cikin yardar rai. Mace mai lalata Varroa da 'ya'yanta suna lalata dangin. Duk da yake akwai da yawa brood a cikin iyali, bayyanar cututtuka na varroatosis ba ya bayyana. A nan gaba, iyali ya raunana, sau da yawa yana ƙarewa tare da bacewar iyali ko ƙudan zuma suna barin hita.
Hanyoyi don bincikar varroatosis
Binciken apiary don kasancewar Varroa mai lalata a cikin bazara da kuma ƙarshen lokacin girbi ya ƙunshi:
- bincikar 'ya'yan itace, musamman ma 'ya'yan Drone;
- a lokacin kakar, kallon zuriyar da aka jefa daga cikin hita da mutuwar ƙudan zuma;
- a lokacin ruwan zuma, suna bincika mahaifa da ƙudan zuma a kan tsefe;
- ba da gangan ya buɗe dozin / da yawa dozin sel tare da tsintsiya mara matuki.
Sai kawai ganewar asali na varroatosis kafin fara bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti zai iya taimakawa wajen rage kamuwa da cuta. Idan kuna zargin ci gaban varroatosis, ya kamata a tattara samfuran kaka na gama kai daga amya da yawa kuma a aika don binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ana yin wannan kafin jirgin na farko ko nan da nan bayan jirgin, don haka ƙudan zuma ba su da lokaci don tsaftace ƙasa da kansu.
Amfani da sinadarai, a cikin watannin da ya kamata a yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin yaki da ƙwayar kudan zuma
Don yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta, ana amfani da hanyoyin sinadarai da na halitta. Ana samun sakamako mafi kyau lokacin da aka yi amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu a lokaci guda.
Misali, cire brood mara matuki a lokacin kakar na iya rage yawan kamuwa da cuta a cikin hive da fiye da 60%. A lokacin kakar, ana kuma yarda da amfani da kwayoyin acid, irin su formic acid, amma akwai ra'ayoyin da yawa cewa suna da mummunar tasiri a kan kwayoyin kudan zuma.
Ana ba da izinin yin amfani da shirye-shiryen roba kawai a lokacin lokacin da ba narke ba, don haka abubuwan da ke aiki daga gare su ba su shiga cikin zuma da aka cinye ba.
Formanins: bipin, anitraz, tactin
Magunguna iri ɗaya masu tasiri akan varroatosis, amma nau'in sakin ya bambanta:
- Bipin - abu mai aiki amitraz, yana samuwa a cikin ampoules. Kafin amfani, an diluted da lita na ruwa - 0,5 ml na abu. Ana aiwatar da aikin ne bayan an fitar da zuma daga waje da kuma kafin lokacin hunturu na ƙudan zuma.
- Anitraz - yana samuwa a cikin nau'i na feshi, bayan jiyya, sakamakon ya ci gaba har tsawon watanni 2.
- Tactin shine sashi mai aiki na amitraz. Hakanan ana gudanar da sarrafa amya a cikin fall.
Varroatosis na ƙudan zuma: jiyya tare da magungunan jama'a
Don lura da varroatosis na ƙudan zuma, ana samun nasarar amfani da magungunan jama'a. Yawancin masu kiwon zuma suna ba su fifiko saboda aminci da rashin ƙayyadaddun lokaci akan lokacin taron.
| Drug | Aikace-aikacen |
|---|---|
| Acikin acid | Kwayar kudan zuma da kanta tana samar da wannan acid a cikin ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, don haka kwari suna jurewa da kyau. Ga kaska, yana da lalata. Ana buƙatar yanayi mai dumi don sarrafawa, lokacin da zafin iska ya kasance aƙalla 25 ℃. Ana amfani da kusan 100% acid. Oxalic acid za a iya amfani da a hanyoyi biyu: Saturate faranti da aka yi da kwali ko itace tare da acid, kuma kunsa su da cellophane, wanda aka sanya ramuka. Shirya a cikin hive akan firam. Sanya wicks a cikin ƙananan kwantena na gilashi kuma zuba a cikin acid. Acid ya kamata ya ƙafe kuma ya kashe kwari. Ana rataye wicks a cikin hive a gefen firam ɗin. |
| Oxalic acid | Oxalic acid za a iya amfani da a hanyoyi biyu: Ruwan tafasa, sanyaya zuwa 30 ℃, ana diluted da 2% acid bayani, zuba a cikin wani fesa kwalban da kuma fesa a kan kowane firam. Ana aiwatar da aiwatarwa sau 4 a kowace kakar a yanayin zafin iska sama da 15 ℃. Suna yin bindigogin hayaki, suna amfani da 2g na acid don firam 12. Ya kamata a gudanar da maganin a farkon bazara, lokacin da mites bai yada ba tukuna, amma yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama akalla 10 ℃. |
| Lactic acid | Lactic acid, wanda aka samar ta hanyar fermentation na sukari, yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don yakar varroa mite. Bugu da ƙari, yana ƙarfafa rigakafi na ƙudan zuma, yana taimakawa wajen inganta jikinsu. Don shirya wani bayani na 10% na lactic acid, ana amfani da ruwan zãfi mai sanyaya zuwa 30. Ana amfani da maganin a cikin wani sprayer kuma kowane firam a cikin hive yana fesa a kusurwar digiri 45 daga nesa na 30-40 cm. 2 days. . Haka kuma a cikin kaka, a watan Satumba, bayan tattara zuma. |
| Maganin sikari | Shirya syrup sugar: 1 part ruwa da 1 part sugar. Ƙara 1 ml na ainihin lemun tsami zuwa gilashin syrup ɗaya. Zuba maganin a cikin kwalban feshi kuma a fesa shi a kan firam ɗin. Ana aiwatar da sarrafawa sau 4 tare da tazara na mako guda. |
| Capsicum | Ki nika barkono ki zuba tafasasshen ruwa, a zubar da ruwan bayan kwana daya a zuba a cikin sugar syrup. A kowace lita na syrup ne 120 g na barkono tincture. Wasu suna ƙara 20 g na propolis zuwa wannan bayani. Ana fesa wannan maganin tare da ƙudan zuma sau uku a kakar tare da tazara na mako guda. |
| A amfani da Pine gari | Kaska baya jurewa warin allura kuma ya bar hita a cikin yini guda. Sai su dauko fulawa kadan su zuba a cikin buhun gauze su sanya a cikin hita. Don taro ɗaya, 50 g na gari na coniferous ya isa. |
| Thyme | Wani sabon shuka dole ne a ƙasa kuma a sanya shi a cikin jakar gauze, sanya shi a kan firam, an rufe shi da polyethylene don kada ya bushe. Kowane kwanaki 3 ana buƙatar canza kayan albarkatun ƙasa. Ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar a duk lokacin kakar, amma a yanayin zafi sama da 27 ℃ ba ta da tasiri. |
| Lavender mahimmancin mai da barasa 96 | Wajibi ne a dauki barasa na likita, ƙara 'yan digo na man lavender zuwa gare shi. Ana zuba wannan cakuda a cikin injin daskarewa kuma an sanya shi a cikin hive akan firam. Kuna iya ajiye shi har tsawon makonni 3, lokaci-lokaci ƙara ruwa zuwa mashin. |
Hanyoyin jiki
Kuna iya yin yaƙi da kaska ta hanyar jiki, amma ba sa shafar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka kai hari ga brood. Amma ga parasites a haɗe zuwa ga ƙudan zuma manya, suna da tasiri sosai.
Hanyoyin fasaha na Zootechnical na yaki da varroatosis
Yawancin mites ana samun su a cikin ƙwayoyin marasa lafiya. Musamman a gare su, masu kiwon kudan zuma suna sanya firam tare da tsiri na tushe ƙasa da tsayi daga sauran. Kudan zuma sun fara gina combs kuma sarauniya ta shuka su. Lokacin da aka rufe waɗannan kakin zuma, ana iya cire shi. Idan kun sanya shi a cikin ruwan zãfi, to, tsutsa za su mutu, kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman kayan ado na ƙudan zuma. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da firam ɗin idan an wanke shi da vinegar.
Tun da cututtukan da ke haifar da kaska a cikin ƙudan zuma matsala ce ta gama gari, masana'antun sun fara ba da amya tare da ƙasa mai anti-varroatic. An shigar da ragamar ƙarfe a cikinsa, a ƙarƙashinsa akwai pallet, wanda aka cire da kuma tsaftacewa. An rufe ƙasa da takarda mai jikakken mai. Kaska ya ruguje ya manne da shi. Sa'an nan kuma kawai kuna buƙatar cire tire, cirewa da ƙone takarda tare da kaska.
Pseudoscorpions ƙananan arachnids ne waɗanda ke girma har zuwa 5 mm a tsayi. Zasu iya zama kyakkyawan makamin nazarin halittu akan mites a cikin ƙudan zuma, da kuma lalata sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Idan kunama na ƙarya suna zaune a cikin hita, to, ba su cutar da ƙudan zuma ba, har ma suna yin abokai.
Duk da haka, ya zuwa yanzu adadin kunama na ƙarya da aka samu a cikin hita bai isa ya lalata yankin kaska ba. Ana buƙatar sabuwar fasaha don haifar da kunama na ƙarya a waje da amya don ƙara yawan jama'a don shiga cikin hita. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku iya amfani da kowane sinadarai don lalata varroatosis ba.
Sakamakon kudan zuma
Idan ba ku bi da Varroatosis ko ba ku lura da cutar ba a cikin lokaci, to ƙudan zuma za su mutu. Ba zai yiwu a ajiye ba kawai taro guda ɗaya ba, amma dukan apiary.
Kuna buƙatar fara yaƙi da kaska daga lokacin da kuka yanke shawarar samun ƙudan zuma.
Rigakafin kaska a cikin ƙudan zuma
Matakan rigakafi na iya rage yuwuwar kamuwa da kaska.
Idan ka yanke shawarar fara ƙudan zuma, gwada ɗaukar apiary a wurin da tsire-tsire waɗanda kaska ba ya son girma a can:
- celandine;
- thyme;
- sagebrush;
- tansy;
- Mint;
- lavender.
Ya kamata a haskaka amya da kyau da rana. Nisa daga kasan hive zuwa ƙasa ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 0 cm. Hakanan ya kamata a shirya ƙasan anti-varroatous a ciki, wanda shine raga na musamman wanda datti ya faɗi. Lokaci-lokaci, kuna buƙatar ciyar da kudan zuma don ƙara juriyar kwari ga kowace cuta.
A baya