Ixodid ticks - masu ɗauke da cututtuka: shine cizon wannan ƙwayar cuta mai haɗari kuma menene zai iya zama sakamakon

Marubucin labarin
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7 min. don karatu

Ticks ne m m, akwai game da 60 jinsunan daga cikinsu a cikin kasar, amma kawai ixodid ticks ne masu dauke da pathogens daga cikin mafi hatsari cututtuka, kamar encephalitis, tularemia, Lyme borreliosis da sauran daidai hatsari cututtuka.

Yadda ake gane ticks ixodid

Ixodid ticks suna kama da kwari, amma suna cikin dangin arachnid, kuma ana iya gane su ta waɗannan fasalulluka:

  • jiki yana da duhu launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa ko rawaya-launin ruwan kasa, 0,1-0,7 cm tsayi, mace ta fi girma fiye da namiji;
  • 4 nau'i-nau'i na kafafu;
  • zauna kusa da ƙasa, sa qwai;
  • suna ciyar da jinin dabbobi ko na mutane, kaska mai cike da ruwa yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa kuma ya zama launin toka, ba shi da sauƙi a murkushe shi.

Ixodid kaska: hoto

Ixodid ticks - menene shi

Ixodid ticks ko kaska masu wuya su ne parasites da ke zaune a cikin ciyayi, daji-stepes da dazuzzuka a cikin ciyawa mai yawa. Suna cin jinin dabbobi da na mutane. Mace da namiji sun bambanta da girma, kuma a cikin cewa garkuwar dorsal ta rufe dukkan jikin namiji, a cikin mace - garkuwar tana rufe jiki da 1/3.

Tick ​​ixodes: ilimin halittar jiki

Ixodid ticks suna cikin dangin arachnid, jikinsu ya ƙunshi ɓangarorin da ba a raba su ba, kai, kuma suna da ƙafafu guda 4.

Mace da maza sun bambanta da girman jiki da launi.

Mace ja-launin ruwan kasa, maza masu launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ko baki-kasa. Kyakkyawan garkuwa a baya yana rufe jikin namiji gaba daya, kuma jikin mace - ta 1/3. Ciyar da mata yana ƙaruwa da girma fiye da maza. Hoton yana nuna tsarin mace da namiji.

Tsarin ticks.
Larvae na ixodid ticks
Larvae na Ixodid na fitowa daga ƙwai, girmansu bai wuce millimita ba kuma suna da ƙafafu guda uku. Larvae suna ciyar da sau ɗaya, suna manne da ƙananan rodents kuma suna ƙaruwa sau 10. Bayan sun ci abinci, sai su fāɗi cikin busasshiyar ciyawa kuma su koma nymphs.
Zagayowar ci gaba na ixodid ticks
Kaska yana tafiya ta matakai hudu na ci gaba: kwai, tsutsa, nymph, babba. Ci gaba a kowane mataki yana faruwa tare da canji na runduna, larvae da nymphs suna ciyar da kananan dabbobi, rodents ko tsuntsaye, manya suna parasitize manyan dabbobi. Tsawon lokacin kowane mataki na ci gaba ya dogara da samuwa na tushen abinci, zazzabi da zafi na mazaunin.
Haifuwa na ixodid ticks
Mating yawanci yana faruwa ne a farkon kaka, namiji yana neman mace lokacin da take ciyar da dabbar, kawai wanda aka ciyar da kaska. Namiji zai iya tara mata da yawa sannan ya mutu. Matan da aka yi takin, da aka ciyar da su, suna fakewa a wani wuri da aka keɓe don yin hunturu. A wannan lokacin, qwai suna girma, kuma ta sanya su a cikin bazara. Wata mace wadda ba ta da hadi, mai ƙwanƙwasa tana yin ƙwai, wanda mata ne kaɗai ke fitowa.
Rayuwar kaska ixodid
Manya suna rayuwa a cikin busasshiyar ciyawar ciyawa, akan tsire-tsire, suna jiran ganimarsu. Domin samun zuriya, suna buƙatar ciyar da jini. Namijin ya sami mace a lokacin da yake ciyar da dabbar kuma suka yi aure. Namiji ya mutu bayan jima'i. Matar da aka haifa ta faɗi daga tushen abinci, tana ƙaruwa da girma, kuma tana yin ƙwai 1000-2000. A cikin bazara, larvae suna bayyana, waɗanda ke da nau'i-nau'i na ƙafafu 3, kuma bayan molting sun juya zuwa nymphs kuma sun riga sun sami nau'i-nau'i 4.
arachnid maturation
Nymphs, suna wucewa ta hanyoyi da yawa, sun juya zuwa manya. Tare da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, duk waɗannan matakan, tun daga haihuwa har zuwa girma, ticks suna shiga cikin yanayi. Amma idan babu abinci, za su iya ci gaba da juyewa a matakin tsutsa ko nymph kuma su ci gaba da ci gaban su don kakar wasa ta gaba idan akwai tushen abinci.
Inda kuma ta yaya ixodid ticks ke yin hibernate
Ixodid ticks suna ɓoyewa a duk matakan haɓaka aiki. Suna ɓoye cikin busasshiyar ciyawa, a cikin ɓarke ​​​​da haushin bishiyoyi, a cikin gandun daji, a saman saman ƙasa, a wuraren da rana ta yi zafi sosai, ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara mai kauri.
Wadanne watanni ne ticks ixodid suka fi aiki?
Bayan hunturu, ticks suna bayyana lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi sama da digiri 1, a cikin yankunan kudancin sun bayyana a baya, a cikin Maris kuma suna aiki har zuwa Yuni. Tare da farkon zafi, aikin su yana raguwa. A cikin yankunan arewa, sun bayyana kadan daga baya, a watan Afrilu, kuma suna aiki har zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni. A watan Yuli da Agusta, aikin ticks yana matsakaita; a cikin Satumba da Oktoba, ticks ba sa aiki.
A ina suke zama ticks ixodid?
Ticks na gandun daji na Turai da taiga ticks ana ɗaukar su masu ɗauke da cututtuka masu haɗari. Suna son wurare masu dumi, don haka galibi ana samun su a cikin dazuzzuka, a kan gandun daji da ke cike da ciyawa, dazuzzuka, tare da hanyoyin da ake yawan samun dabbobi kuma mutane ke motsawa.

Ticks na jinsin ixodes: nau'in

Daga cikin mites, wasu wakilai na nau'in ixodex sune kwayoyin cutar shan jini na wucin gadi.

Daya daga cikin wakilan ixodid ticks ne Pavlovsky kaska, wanda ke zaune a cikin Far East, bisa ga dukkan alamu, yayi kama da taiga kaska, amma ba kowa ba ne fiye da danginsa. Hakanan mai ɗaukar cututtuka masu haɗari.
Kaska na gandun daji na Turai yana rayuwa akan ƙarin yankin Turai, tsarin jikin ya ɗan bambanta da kaska taiga. Yana parasitizes akan kowane nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa, musamman manya. Mai ɗauke da cututtuka masu haɗari ne.
Taiga tick yana zaune a cikin yankunan arewa, yanayin rayuwa yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 2-3, yana raguwa a mataki na tsutsa ko nymph. Suna parasitize dabbobi amma suna tada hankali ga mutane. Idan kaska mai cutar ta ciji, tana iya harba mutane da dabbobi da cututtuka masu hatsari.

Zagin

Ticks sune masu ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari na cututtukan dabbobi da na mutane, waɗanda ake ɗauka ta hanyar cizo. Tare da yau, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban suna shiga cikin rauni. A yankuna daban-daban na kasar, suna kamuwa da mutane da dabbobi da irin wadannan cututtuka: Ciwon daji mai dauke da kwayar cutar, zazzabin Q, taifu mai kaska, borreliosis da sauransu.

Ixodid kaska fiye da haɗari ga mutane
Tushen kaska yana dauke da maganin kashe radadi, don haka ana iya ganin sa idan aka sha da jini. Amma tare da miya, kwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta na iya shiga cikin rauni daga kamuwa da cutar, wanda zai haifar da ci gaban cuta mai haɗari.
Hadarin ixodid ticks ga dabbobi
Bayan cizon dabbobin sun kamu da cututtuka iri-iri da kan iya cutar da dabbobi. Amma mutane na iya kamuwa da cutar daga gare su, misali, idan kun sha madara mara tafasa daga awaki ko saniya masu ciwon hauka.

ixodid kaska cuta

Ixodid ticks sune masu ɗaukar irin waɗannan cututtuka:

  • encephalitis,
  • borreliosis, ko cutar Lyme,
  • Tularemia, zazzabin hemorrhagic,
  • babesiosis,
  • typhus,
  • sake dawowa da zazzabin kaska da sauransu.

Duk wadannan cututtuka suna haifar da babbar illa ga lafiyar dan adam, wasu ma kan kai ga nakasa da mutuwa.

Encephalitis mai kaska
Kwayar cutar encephalitis mai ɗauke da kaska tana shiga cikin jikin ɗan adam daga kaska mai cutar kuma tana shafar tsarin juyayi. Alamomin cutar suna bayyana makonni 1-2 bayan cizon. Wannan yana ƙaruwa da zafin jiki har zuwa digiri 38-40, jin zafi a cikin tsokoki da haɗin gwiwa, ciwon kai, jin zafi a cikin idanu, musamman a cikin haske mai haske. Tare da gano cutar ba tare da bata lokaci ba, hargitsi, gurguzu, ciwon kai har ma da mutuwa.
Cutar sankarar barreliosis ta cutar Lyme
Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar suna shiga jikin mutum lokacin da kaska ya ciji da miya. Lokacin shiryawa yana daga kwanaki 2 zuwa 30. Wani farin tabo ya bayyana a wurin cizon tare da cibiyar haske a cikin nau'i na zobe. Bayan lokaci, wurin yana ƙaruwa kuma bayyanar cututtuka suna bayyana, kamar yadda tare da mura: zazzabi, rashin jin daɗi na gaba ɗaya, ciwon kai, tsoka da ciwon haɗin gwiwa. Bayan cizon kaska da bayyanar irin wadannan alamomin, sai a gudanar da bincike sannan a fara jinya, in ba haka ba cutar na iya zama na dindindin.
zazzabi
Abubuwan da ke haifar da zazzaɓi sune ƙwayoyin cuta na rukunin rickettsia. Suna shiga cikin jikin mutum tare da ɗigon kaska, lokacin shiryawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 5-10. Alamomin kamuwa da cutar sun hada da: zazzabi mai zafi, kurjin fata, ciwon kai, da ciwon tsoka da gabobi. Baƙar fata suna bayyana a wurin cizon, alamun farko na kamuwa da cuta tare da zazzaɓi.

Matakan sarrafawa

Kowace shekara, mutane da yawa suna komawa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya bayan cizon kaska. Kwayoyin shan jini sune masu ɗauke da cututtuka masu haɗari a cikin mutane da dabbobi.

Ticks suna ƙara bayyana a kusa da wuraren zama na mutane: a wuraren shakatawa, a kan tudu a manyan birane.

Masu kiwon dabbobi lura da karuwa a cikin adadin parasites. Don haka, ayyukan tsafta suna aiwatar da matakan kawar da kai da kariya.

Ayyukan fada

A wuraren da ke da tarin ticks, ana amfani da hanyoyin sinadarai na sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta. Kafin gudanar da aiki, kwararru suna aiwatar da ayyuka masu zuwa:

  • duba yankin;
  • shirye-shiryen wurin don sarrafawa;
  • zaɓin kuɗi;
  • sarrafa wurin kai tsaye;
  • sake dubawa.

Kwararru suna zaɓar sinadarai masu aminci ga mutane da dabbobi. A cikin aikinsu suna amfani da feshin zamani.

BABBAN GANO. Ixodid kaska

Matakan hanyoyin kariya

Ticks suna sauka a wurare masu damshi tare da ciyawa mai kauri. A wuraren da mutane suke, kuna buƙatar shuka lawn akai-akai, cire ciyawa mai tsayi, ganye da suka fadi.

Tushen abinci na ƙwayoyin cuta ƙanana ne, don haka yaƙi da rodents wani muhimmin mataki ne na rigakafi. A wuraren da berayen suka bayyana, ana amfani da tarko da tarko, amma dole ne a yi amfani da su cikin taka tsantsan don kada a cutar da mutane da dabbobi.

Yadda zaka kare kanka daga kaska ixodid

Lokacin tafiya tafiya ko fikinik a yanayi, ya kamata a la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan: ticks suna zaune a cikin ciyawa mai kauri kuma suna jiran wanda aka azabtar. Ka guji wurare masu damshi tare da dogayen ciyawa, bushes. Don kare kanku kuna buƙatar:

  1. Zabi tufafi da takalma waɗanda ke rufe jiki kamar yadda zai yiwu. Saka hula ko hula a kan ku. Sanya wando a cikin takalma, ɗaure hannayen riga ta yadda kaska ba zai iya isa jiki ba.
  2. Aiwatar da kayan kariya na musamman ga tufafi da jiki waɗanda zasu kori ƙwayoyin cuta.
  3. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, bincika kanku da waɗanda kuke hutawa tare don kasancewar kaska. Yawancin lokaci suna rarrafe daga ƙasa zuwa sama.
  4. Bayan an dawo gida, sai a girgiza tufafin sosai, musamman aljihu, folds, riguna. Amma dole ne a yi hakan a wajen harabar.
  5. A wuraren da kamuwa da cutar encephalitis mai ɗauke da kaska ke faruwa akai-akai, ana yiwa mazauna yankin allurar rigakafi.
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