Abin da ƙwaro dankalin turawa ke ci: tarihin dangantaka da kwaro
A kowace shekara, masu lambu da lambu suna kare amfanin gonakinsu daga kwari iri-iri, domin tsawon shekaru, kananan rodents, kwari har ma da tsuntsaye sun lalata amfanin gonakin. Ɗaya daga cikin miyagu lambun raye-raye shine sanannen ƙwaro na dankalin turawa na Colorado kuma ya fara ayyukan sa mai cutarwa kwanan nan.
Abubuwa
Menene ƙwaro dankalin turawa na Colorado yayi kama: hoto
Bayanin kwari
Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro kuma ake kira dankalin turawa leaf irin ƙwaro. Wannan nau'in na cikin babban iyali ne leaf beetles kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan kwari da ake iya gane su.
name: Colorado beetle, dankalin turawa leaf irin ƙwaro
Yaren Latin: Leptinotarsa decemlineataClass Kwari - Kwari
Kama: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
Iyali: Leaf beetles - Chrysomelidae
 | Wuraren zama: | ko'ina sai yankuna masu sanyi |
 | Mai haɗari ga: | dankali, tumatir, sauran nightshades |
 | Hanyar halaka: | tarin manual, biopreparations, sunadarai |
Внешний вид
Colorado irin ƙwaro.
Colorado dankalin turawa beetles suna da ƙananan girman kuma tsayin manya da wuya ya wuce 8-12 mm. Jiki Siffar sa ce mai santsi, mai ƙarfi a sama da lebur ƙasa. elytra na Colorado dankalin turawa irin ƙwaro ne santsi, m, haske rawaya, yi ado da a tsaye baƙar ratsi.
Ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɓaka da kyau suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin elytra. fuka-fuki, tare da taimakon wanda ƙwaro zai iya tashi sama da nisa mai nisa. pronotum An yi wa kwarin fentin lemu kuma an yi masa ado da baƙar fata masu siffofi da girma dabam dabam.
tsutsa
tsutsa Ƙwaƙwalwar dankalin turawa na Colorado ya ɗan fi tsayi fiye da manya kuma jikinsu zai iya kaiwa 15-16 mm. A waje, suna kama da ladybug larvae. An yi wa jikin fentin ja mai haske, kuma a gefen akwai layuka biyu na baƙar fata. Kai da kafafun tsutsa suma baki ne.
Abinci
Daga cikin shuke-shuken lambu, babban abinci ga ƙwararrun dankalin turawa na Colorado shine dankali. Kowace shekara, ɗimbin waɗannan ƙwaro masu rarrafe suna lalata duk shuke-shuken shahararrun al'adun gargajiya. Koyaya, menu na wannan kwaro ba'a iyakance ga dankali ba, kuma abincin ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado yana iya ƙunsar:
- kwai;
- barkono kararrawa;
- tumatir;
- shuke-shuke na nightshade iyali.
Zagayowar ci gaba
Zagayowar ci gaban dankalin turawa na Colorado beetles, kamar na sauran kwari, ya ƙunshi manyan matakai guda huɗu:
- kwai. Mata masu girma suna shimfiɗa ƙwai a ƙarƙashin ganyen tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire;
Zagayowar rayuwa na Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro.
- tsutsa. Bayan makonni 1-2, larvae suna fitowa daga ƙwai, waɗanda ke tara kayan abinci na rayayye na kwanaki 15-20 sannan su ɓoye a cikin ƙasan ƙasa na sama don pupation;
- alaƙar. A cikin lokacin dumi, kwaro mai girma yana fitowa daga pupa a cikin makonni 2-3;
- imago. Idan pupation faruwa a cikin kaka, da pupae shiga diapause da kuma manya beetles aka haife bayan hunturu.
Habitat
A halin yanzu, mazaunin Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro ya rufe yawancin arewacin duniya. Cututtuka masu haɗari sun yi nasarar zama a cikin yankuna masu zuwa:
- Amirka ta Arewa;
- Turai;
- Baltic;
- Transcaucasia;
- Belarus da Ukraine;
- Ural;
- Siberiya;
- Gabas mai nisa.
Tarihin ganowa da rarrabawa
A karon farko, an sami kwaro mai haɗari a cikin 1824 a cikin Dutsen Rocky.
Migrant ƙwaro.
Wanda ya gano nau'in shine masanin ilimin halitta kuma masanin halitta Thomas Say. Ya kama wannan ƙwaro ƙwaro yana cin ganyen duhun ƙaho.
Kwankwaron dankalin turawa na Colorado ya sami shaharar sunan sa shekaru 35 bayan gano shi, lokacin da ya lalata manyan gonakin dankalin turawa a Colorado. A cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 19, nau'in ya bazu ko'ina cikin Arewacin Amurka kuma an fara gabatar da shi zuwa Turai. Daga karshe zauna a Gabashin Hemisphere, Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro yayi nasara ne kawai a lokacin yakin duniya na farko.
Menene lahani da ƙwayar dankalin turawa ta Colorado ke haifarwa?
Ƙwaƙwalwar dankalin turawa na Colorado na ɗaya daga cikin kwari mafi haɗari, yayin da duka manya da tsutsa na kowane zamani suna haifar da lalacewa ga tsire-tsire. Idan an ga ƙwararrun beetles a kan gadaje, wannan alama ce cewa ya zama dole a fara yaƙi da kwari nan da nan.
Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da sha'awar ci "m" kuma suna iya lalata dukkan filayen tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Hanyoyin sarrafa irin ƙwaro
Tun farkon karni na 20, bil'adama ya kasance mai himma yaki da blackado dankalin turawa beetles. Ana amfani da hanyoyi iri-iri don halakar da kwaro mai haɗari.
An samar da magungunan kashe kwari da yawa don kashe ƙwayar dankalin turawa ta Colorado. Shahararru daga cikinsu sune kwamandan kwayoyi, Actellik 500 EC, Decis, Aktara da Arrivo.
Wannan hanya ta ƙunshi tarin kwari da hannu kuma ta dace da amfani a farkon matakin kamuwa da cuta, lokacin da adadin kwari bai kai wani matsayi mai mahimmanci ba.
Don magance ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado, ƙwararrun manoma suna amfani da gadaje mulching, suna fesa infusions da decoctions, da kuma dasa tsire-tsire waɗanda ke korar kwaro.
Wannan hanya ta ƙunshi yin amfani da biopreparations bisa ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi, da kuma jawo hankalin abokan gaba na ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado zuwa shafin.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da dankalin turawa na Colorado
Colorado dankalin turawa beetles ne sananne kusan a duk faɗin duniya. A cikin lura da nazarin waɗannan kwari masu cutarwa, mutane sun lura da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa:
- suna ɗaya daga cikin kwari masu ƙarfi kuma, a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, na iya fada cikin dipause na tsawon shekaru 3;
- Ƙwayoyin dankalin turawa na Colorado suna tashi galibi a cikin iska mai iska, wanda hakan zai iya kaiwa gudun kilomita 7 a cikin awa daya;
- ganin yadda hatsarin ya kusanto, ƙwaro maƙarƙashiya sun faɗo ƙasa tare da cikin su sama suna yi kamar sun mutu.
ƙarshe
Mutane sun shafe fiye da shekaru ɗari suna yaƙar ƙwayar dankalin turawa ta Colorado, kuma duk da ƙoƙarin da suka yi, wannan kwaro mai raɗaɗi yana dawowa akai-akai. Hanyar da ta dace don adana amfanin gona ita ce sarrafa gadaje akai-akai da aiwatar da matakan kariya.
A baya