Aphids akan kabeji: yadda ake bi da dangin cruciferous don kariya
Kabeji ana iya kiransa ɗaya daga cikin amfanin gona da ake nema. Ana ƙara shi zuwa salads da jita-jita masu zafi. Dangane da wannan, dole ne a kiyaye yawan amfanin gona na kabeji daga kwari. Ainihin barazanar ita ce aphid kabeji.
Abubuwa
Bayanin kwaro
name: kabeji aphid
Yaren Latin: Brevicoryne brassicaeClass Kwari - Insecta
Guba mara kyau: Hemiptera - Hemiptera
Iyali: Aphids na gaske - Aphididae
 | Wuraren zama: | yanayin yanayi |
 | Ayyukan: | mussively infects cruciferous |
 | cutarwa: | barazanar asarar amfanin gona har zuwa 60% |
Jikin aphid na iya zama m ko siffar pear. Girman ya bambanta daga 1,8 zuwa 2,3 mm. Na'urar baka na nau'in tsotsa ne. Akwai mutane masu fuka-fuki da ba su da fuka-fuki.
Wanda ya kafa yana kama da mutane masu zuwa. Tana da babban jiki mai nau'i-nau'i na tawul da spitz. Fuka-fuki sun ɓace. Launi mai launin kore. Akwai launin toka mai launin toka a jiki.
Girman budurcin fuka-fuki yana daga 1 zuwa 8 mm. Jiki yana da siffar ellipsoid mai faɗi. Launin launin kore ne. Kan yayi ruwan kasa. Daga kashi na farko na ciki akwai ratsi launin ruwan kasa mai juyi. Antenna da ƙafafu na inuwa iri ɗaya.
Girman budurwa mai fuka-fuki daga 1,5 zuwa 2,3 mm tare da siffar jiki mai elongated ellipsoid da pollination launin toka. Kai, wuski, ƙafafu launin ruwan kasa. Ciki shine rawaya-kore. Ciki yana da ratsan maɓalli mai launin ruwan kasa da tabo na gefe. Whisker ya fi tsayi fiye da na mutane marasa fuka-fuki.
Girman amphigon mace shine daga 1,8 zuwa 2 mm. Jikin yana da ciyayi kore ba tare da pollination ba. Akwai tabo mai launin ruwan kasa a kai da kashi 8. Maƙarƙashiya da ciki tare da tabo na dorsal.
Masu fuka-fuki na maza suna da girman 1,4 zuwa 1,8 mm. A kan ciki rawaya ko rawaya-kore akwai layuka 4 na launin ruwan kasa da baƙar fata.
Kwai suna baƙar fata kuma suna sheki. Siffar ƙwai yana da tsayi-tsalle.
Tsarin rayuwa
Afir yana haifuwa da sauri da sauri. Ga yadda tsarin rayuwa gaba daya ke faruwa:
- Wurin hunturu na ƙwai shine mai tushe, tushen ganyen kabeji, ciyawa mai girma daji na dangin Cruciferous.
- Lokacin haihuwar larvae ya faɗi a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu.
- Daga kwanaki 10 zuwa 15 suna ciyarwa. Bayan haka, sun zama mata masu kafa. Kowace mace tana iya samar da mutane har 40.
Kabeji aphid.
- Kwaro yana kan tudu ko ganyen ganye. Godiya ga partogenesis, budurwai marasa fuka suna bayyana.
- Bayan 2-3 tsararraki, mata masu fuka-fuki suna bayyana. Kwari suna ƙaura zuwa wasu tsire-tsire. Sai kuma mazan. Bayan lokacin jima'i, mata suna yin ƙwai don hunturu. A cikin shekara ana iya samun har zuwa tsararraki 20.
- Matsakaicin zafin jiki mafi kyau shine daga 22 zuwa 26 digiri Celsius. Humidity ya kamata ya kasance kusan 60%. Ana haɓaka ƙyanƙyasar tsutsa da zafin jiki na digiri 7 na ma'aunin celcius.
- A karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, kwarin zai iya tsayayya da sanyi har zuwa digiri 15. Kwanin kwai yana ƙarewa a yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri 14.
Wuri da rarrabawa
Kabeji aphids za a iya samu a kowace kasa a duniya. Lambobi masu yawa suna zaune a Turai, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Amurka, Arewacin Afirka, Australia, New Zealand. Iyakar abin da ke cikin Tarayyar Rasha shine Arewa mai Nisa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin yanayin yanayi na subtropical, cikakken ci gaban mutane ba ya faruwa. Kwari ba sa rayuwa a cikin irin wannan latitudes.
Muhimmancin tattalin arziki
A shuka shafi kabeji aphids.
Kabeji aphid shine mafi haɗari abokan gaba na Brassicaceae. Yafi lalacewa kabeji da radishes. Kwarin kuma yana ciyar da radish, yarutka, jakar makiyayi, colza, fyade, mustard.
Kwaro yana tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace, akwai ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa da haɓakar haɓaka. Ganyen sun fara yin rawaya da launin rawaya. Ovaries na shugabannin kabeji suna ci gaba na dogon lokaci kuma ba su da nauyi. Suna nuna fitarwa mai ɗanko. Aphids sune masu ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta. Tare da yawan haifuwa, za a iya rage rabon amfanin gona zuwa 60%.
Alamun bayyanar waje
Parasites suna tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyen kabeji. Ganyen da suka lalace sun zama marasa launi tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. A hankali, ganyen ya mutu. A sakamakon haka, ba a kafa shugaban kabeji ba. Yankin kwari yana kama da toka ko toka.
Pad ko aphid secretions yana haifar da lalacewa. Brussels sprouts ya buga sosai. Kabejin Beijing ya lalace. Yana ɗaukar siffar kumbura.
Ya kamata a lura cewa aphid shine mai ɗaukar cututtuka fiye da 20, wanda ke rinjayar rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa
- Dole ne a lalata tsire-tsire masu cutar.
- Ja hankalin hoverflies da ladybugs. Don yin wannan, dasa allisum, cilantro, dill.
- Maganin decoction na tafarnuwa shima zai yi tasiri sosai. Don yin wannan, 0,8 kilogiram na tafarnuwa an niƙa tare da nama grinder. Ƙara lita 10 na ruwan zãfi. Ana tafasa wannan cakuda don 2 hours. Maganin yana diluted a cikin rabin da ruwa da kuma fesa.
- Daga cikin samfuran halitta, amfani da Bitoxibacillin, Actofit ya dace. Idan akwai lalacewa mai yawa, magungunan kashe qwari na Cikakken Gidan, Movento, Prime, Actellik, Borey sun dace.
- Kuna iya amfani da decoctions na jama'a tare da toka itace, taba, saman dankalin turawa da kwasfa na albasa. Mafi sauki shine ruwan sabulu.
- Zuwa hanyoyin agrotechnical Ƙarin bayani:
- sarrafa ciyawa a kan lokaci;
- ingantaccen noman amfanin gona;
- lalata da kona ragowar shuka;
- zurfin tono ƙasa, noman kaka da harrowing a cikin bazara;
- dasa tsire-tsire waɗanda za su tsoratar da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙamshinsu (tumatir, karas).
Jerin 26 hanyoyin sarrafa aphid zai taimake ka ka zaɓi hanyar da ta dace don magance kwari.
ƙarshe
Bayyanar aphids kabeji yana barazanar mummunar lalacewa a cikin aikin noma. Lokacin da aka sami alamun farko, ana zaɓar kowane ɗayan hanyoyin kuma ana sarrafa kabeji. Koyaya, matakan kariya za su hana mamayewar kwari da ba a so a wurin.
