Wasp-kamar kwari - hoverflies: maƙiyan masu tagulla na lambu da masu shuka furanni
An yi amfani da kowa da kowa don gaskiyar cewa kwarin da ke tashi tare da raƙuman rawaya-baƙar fata shine tsutsa mai zafi mai zafi, don haka kuna buƙatar nisantar da shi. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayi akwai wani Diptera - kuda, kama da kudan zuma da kudan zuma. Ba kamar takwararta ba, ba ta cizo, ba ta haifar da wani haɗari ga mutane kuma galibi ana ɗaukarta a matsayin kwaro mai amfani.
Abubuwa
- Common hoverfly: bayanin kwarin
- Haihuwa da ci gaba da zagayowar hoverfly tashi
- A ina gulmar tashi take zaune?
- Nau'o'in hoverflies
- Menene fa'idar kuda
- Maƙiyan halitta na hoverfly
- Yadda ake jawo hankalin tashi da ke shawagi zuwa wurin
- Cutarwa mai yuwuwa daga kuda mai gunaguni
- Hanyoyin mu'amala da hoverflies
- Magungunan magungunan gargajiya
- Matakan hanyoyin kariya
Common hoverfly: bayanin kwarin
Kudajen ƙudaje na maza da mata suna kama da juna, amma akwai ƙananan bambance-bambance. Idanuwan maza suna kusa da juna sosai, a cikin mata idanu sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma an raba su da goshi na musamman.
Idan aka yi nazari mai zurfi, mutum zai iya ganin bambance-bambance a cikin ƙananan ciki: a cikin maza, ana iya ganin al'amuran asymmetric, a cikin mata, ciki yana da santsi, ba a bayyana al'aurar ba.
Syrphid larvae ƴan ƴaƴan mata ƴaƴan ƴaƴan mata ne waɗanda aka murɗe su a gaba. Girman su daga 4 zuwa 18 mm., Launi na iya zama rawaya, ruwan hoda, launin ruwan kasa ko kore.
Haihuwa da ci gaba da zagayowar hoverfly tashi
A ina gulmar tashi take zaune?
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ana rarraba hoverfly a ko'ina cikin duniya, ban da hamada mai zafi, Antarctica da tundra.
Nau'o'in hoverflies
Yawanci ana rarraba ƙudaje na ƙudaje dangane da yanayin ciyarwa da salon rayuwar tsutsar su.
| Ruwa | Ana samun su a cikin ƙananan tafkuna na halitta tare da ruwa maras kyau, mafi sau da yawa tare da wari mara kyau na ranar laka (swamps, tabkuna, puddles na yau da kullum). Larvae yana da siffofi na musamman - tsayi mai tsayi, wanda sau da yawa kuskuren wutsiya. Haƙiƙa bututu ne mai numfashi wanda ke aiki kamar bututun mai nutsewa kuma yana taimaka wa kwarin numfashi a ƙarƙashin ruwa. |
| mai cin kudan zuma | Wani sunan su shine masu cin kudan zuma ko ilnitsa. Manya suna da matsakaici zuwa girma kuma suna ciyarwa ne kawai akan ciyawar shuka. Larvae suna rayuwa ne a cikin taki, tafkuna masu cike da ruɓaɓɓen ciyayi, haka kuma a cikin bandakunan mutane. Wani lokaci mutane da gangan sun hadiye ƙwai na kudan zuma, bayan haka tsutsa suna bayyana a cikin hanji kuma suna haifar da ci gaban myiasis. |
| Na kowa | Tsawon mutum mai girma ya kai mm 12. Manyan ƙudaje suna cin abinci nectar kuma suna da kyaun pollinators. Larvae sune mafarauta kuma suna ciyar da ƙananan kwari kamar aphids. |
| Albasa | Wakilan wannan nau'in sune kwari na amfanin gona na noma, wato tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Manya mata suna sa ƙwai a kan gashin fuka-fukan albasa, kuma tsutsa da suka bayyana suna cutar da kwararan fitila, suna sa su ruɓe. Baya ga albasa kore, kuda kuma yana shafar sauran amfanin gona: tulips, gladioli, daffodils. |
| wasp | Manya manya suna da girma sosai - tsayin su ya kai 20 mm. Sun fi kamanceceniya da ƙudan zuma. Larvae suna cin abinci ne akan ruɓaɓɓen itace. |
Menene fa'idar kuda
Larvae na yawancin nau'in hummer suna cin abinci akan kwari irin su aphids, thrips, ciyayi, da sauran kwari masu laushi. Larvae na hummer suna rarrafe kan tushe na tsire-tsire suna ɗaga kawunansu don gano kwaro. Idan aka samu ganima sai su kama shi su tsotse shi a bushe, bayan sun zubar da exoskeleton.
Karamin tsutsa a cikin rayuwarsa yana iya lalata adadi mai yawa na kwari kuma a cikin duka yana rage yawan aphid da kashi 70%.
Maƙiyan halitta na hoverfly
Babu maƙiyan dabi'a da yawa na ƙudaje ƙudaje a yanayi. Tsuntsaye da wasu nau'ikan manyan gizo-gizo ne suka fara kama su. Bugu da kari, wasu jinsunan wasps parasitize hoverflies, kuma za su iya halaka rabin yawan matasa kwari. Har ila yau suna kai hari ga manyan kwari.
Commercial amfani da hoverflies
Ana amfani da ƙudaje masu ɗorewa a kasuwa a matsayin madadin magungunan kashe qwari. Wannan hanyar tana da fa'idodi da yawa: yana da lafiya kuma baya kashe kuɗi.
Hoverflies suna taimakawa wajen lalata duk aphids a yankin ba tare da amfani da ko da gram 1 ba. sinadaran guba.
Yadda ake jawo hankalin tashi da ke shawagi zuwa wurin
Cutarwa mai yuwuwa daga kuda mai gunaguni
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wasu nau'in syphid kwari ne. Alal misali, daffodil tashi yana kai hari ga furanni masu furanni: daffodils, gladioli, da sauransu. Larvae da ba su kammala ci gaban su ba a lokacin kakar suna tono ƙasa don hunturu kuma suna shiga cikin kwararan fitila. Suna cinye sashin ciki kuma shuka yakan mutu, amma ko da ya rayu, yana girma a hankali a cikin bazara.
Hanyoyin mu'amala da hoverflies
Yawancin nau'in sirfid kwari ne masu fa'ida, amma idan aka ga bugu a kan albasa ko tafarnuwa, yana nufin cewa kwaro ya yi rauni a gonar kuma yana buƙatar magance shi. Don kawar da ƙudaje masu cutarwa, zaku iya amfani da mahaɗan sinadarai da girke-girke na jama'a.
Sinadaran
Idan akwai kwari da yawa, to yana da kyau a yi amfani da shirye-shiryen kwari.
Magungunan magungunan gargajiya
Idan babu parasites da yawa akan rukunin yanar gizon, zaku iya amfani da girke-girke na jama'a:
- Ammonia. 5 tsp tsoma babban bangaren a cikin lita 10. ruwa. Tsire-tsire na ruwa da ƙasa tare da sakamakon sakamakon.
- Copper vitriol. Bayan girbi, bi da ƙasa tare da abu.
- Itace ash, taba foda. Yayyafa ƙasa da abubuwa masu yawa.
- Karas. Hoverflies ba su yarda da warin karas ba, saboda haka, don tsoratar da su, ana bada shawarar shuka wannan kayan lambu kusa da albasa da karas.
- Uriya ku 10 l. tsarma ruwa 1 tbsp. l. babban abu, sakamakon da aka samu don noma ƙasa.
Matakan hanyoyin kariya
- Don hana ƙuda mai cutarwa daga farawa a kan shafin, ya zama dole a bi ka'idodin juyawa amfanin gona: kada ku shuka amfanin gona na bulbous a wuri guda a kowace kakar.
- Hakanan ya kamata ku sassauta ƙasa a hankali don lalata tsutsa da ke ɓoye a cikinta, bushe amfanin gona da aka girbe a rana tsawon kwanaki 3-4.
- Kafin dasa shuki, ana bada shawara don jiƙa albasa shuka a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate, zuba sauran tsaba tare da alli mai lalacewa (20 g na alli da 1 kg na tsaba).