Menene tashiwar "CC" yayi kama da: hoto da bayanin barazanar fuka-fuki daga Afirka
Kuda na tsetse kwari ne da ake ganin ba shi da lahani, amma ba shakka ba za a iya saka shi cikin maƙiyan ’yan Adam da ba za su halaka ba. Cizon sa yana iya kashe mutum cikin sauƙi, kuma manoma suna tsoron haɓaka filayen noma kusa da mazauninsa.
Abubuwa
Asalin nau'in nau'in da bayanin kudawar tsetse
Ana ɗaukar Tsetse ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan kwari. An gano kudajen burbushin halittu a cikin gadajen burbushin halittu a jihar Colorado, wanda aka shimfida kimanin shekaru miliyan 34 da suka gabata. Tsetse na nufin "tashi" a cikin yarukan Tswana da Bantu.
Bayyanar da tsarin fasali na kwari
A ina tsetse tashi ke zaune?
Kudadden tsetse na zamani suna rayuwa ne kawai a nahiyar Afirka.
Menene kuda na tsetse ke ci?
Kwarin yana ciyar da jini ne kawai. Wadanda abin ya shafa na daji ne, dabbobi da kuma mutane. Don neman abinci, takan tashi ne a ɗan gajeren nesa lokacin da dabba mai ɗumi ta jawo shi. Mafi sau da yawa, manyan dabbobin artiodactyl - antelopes, buffaloes, da kurege, saka idanu kadangaru, crocodiles, da tsuntsaye daban-daban sun zama wadanda abin ya shafa.
Kwarin yana iya shan ruwa daidai da nauyinsa, yayin da ake ciyarwa, cikinsa yana faɗaɗa sosai.
Haihuwa da yanayin rayuwa na gardamar tsetse
Ba kamar yawancin kwari ba, ƙudaje na Afirka ba sa yin ƙwai, amma suna ɗaukar su a cikin jaka ta musamman. Kwari suna yin aure sau ɗaya kawai, tsutsa kuma suna haɓaka ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Yayin da suke cikin mahaifa, suna cin abinci a kan ɓoye na wani gland na musamman.
Don ci gaban cikin mahaifa na tsutsa, mace tana buƙatar abinci har zuwa 3. Ko da karancin abinci mai gina jiki yana haifar da zubar da ciki. Tsutsar tana tasowa a jikin mahaifiyar har tsawon makonni 1-2, bayan ta haihu, kuma mace ta ci gaba da haihuwar tsutsa a kusan kwanaki 9 har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta. A lokacin rayuwarta, mace ta haifi matasa 8-10.
Bayan haihuwa, bayan 'yan sa'o'i kadan, tsutsa ta ratsa cikin ƙasa, inda ta yi fari. Wannan mataki na ci gaba yana ɗaukar makonni 3-4.
Yawancin zagayowar rayuwa ta tsetse ita ce jihar balagaggu. A cikin kwanaki 12-14, matashin ƙuda ya balaga, sa'an nan kuma ya yi aure kuma, idan mace ce, ta fara tsutsa. Manya suna rayuwa kusan watanni 6-7.
Tsarin zamantakewa da salon rayuwar tsetse tashi
Babban nau'ikan tsetse kwari
An rarraba nau'in kwari zuwa rukuni 3.
Menene haɗari tsetse tashi
Ana daukar Tsetse daya daga cikin kwari mafi hatsari a duniya. Yana ɗauke da cututtuka masu saurin kisa - revolver da trypanosomiasis. Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka sune protozoa, waɗanda ke shiga jikin kuda a cikin tsarin ciyar da jinin dabbar da ta kamu da cutar.
A cikin ƙuda, ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɓaka, kuma idan an cije su, ana ɗaukar su zuwa ga wanda aka azabtar tare da ruwan kwarin.
Cutar Nagan a cikin dabbobi
Dabbobi suna da saurin kamuwa da wannan cuta, galibi shanu, dawakai da aladu suna kamuwa da cutar. Kuna iya kare gonakin idan kun yi wa dabbobi allurar rigakafin trypanosomiasis, amma ba kowane mai kiwon shanu ke da damar yin allurar kawuna da yawa ba. Don guje wa hare-haren tsetse a kan dabbobi, ana ba da shawarar yin kiwo da dare.
Alamomin kamuwa da cuta sune:
- karuwa a yawan zubar da ciki;
- gajiya gaba ɗaya, raguwar aiki;
- kumburi a cikin dewlap, gabobin jiki da al'aura;
- fitar ruwa daga idanu da hanci;
- zazzabi
- raguwa a cikin inganci da adadin madara da nama.
Kimanin dabbobi miliyan 3 ke mutuwa daga revolver kowace shekara.
Ciwon bacci
Matsalolin da ke haifar da ciwon barci shine trypasonoma - shi ne mai raɗaɗi, kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya, girman 20-30 microns. Ana iya kamuwa da ciwon barci ta hanyar cizon kwari.
Cutar ta fi shafar tsarin juyayi da tsarin garkuwar jiki.
Bayan cizo, an kafa kumburi mai faɗi tare da diamita na 1-2 cm a wurin rauni, tare da matsa lamba akan abin da ake jin zafi. Bayan ɗan lokaci, chancres suna fitowa a hannaye da ƙafafu na mutum, a zahiri kama da kumburi. Bayan 'yan makonni, suna warkewa kuma tabo ya bayyana a wurinsu.
Sauran alamun ciwon barci:
- zafi a cikin tsokoki da haɗin gwiwa;
- zazzabi da zazzabi;
- rashin barci, rudani;
- numbness na gabobi, rashin daidaituwa.
Nau'in ciwon bacci
Akwai nau'ikan trypanosomiasis iri biyu: Afirka da Latin Amurka. Bi da bi, Afirka ta kasu kashi biyu.
| Nau'in cuta | Alamomin halayen |
|---|---|
| Cutar bacci ta Yammacin Afirka (Gambiyan). | Tasirinsa shine Glossina palpalis. Cutar da aka kwatanta da dogon hanya, yana faruwa a cikin lokuta 2. Na farko yana siffanta ta hanyar latent hanya, ba tare da m bayyanar cututtuka. Mafi sau da yawa, mutum yana jin ciwon kai, zazzabi kaɗan, da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa suna bayyana a fata. Hanyar latent yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa cutar ta zama na yau da kullum, wanda alamun bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana da sauri, tsarin jin tsoro ya fara rushewa. Ana bayyana wannan a cikin rawar jiki na gaɓoɓi, a cikin lokuta masu tsanani, inna yana faruwa, mai haƙuri ba zai iya yaki da barci ba, kuma yana faruwa a hankali. Tsawon lokacin wannan mataki na cutar shine watanni 7-8. |
| Gabas (Rheodesian) tsari | Yana da halin saurin hanya da alamun bayyanar cututtuka. A matsayinka na mai mulki, mutuwa tana faruwa bayan watanni 6. Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar suna shafar zuciya da kwakwalwar ɗan adam. Mai dauke da cutar shine Glossina morsitan. |
Maganin ciwon bacci
An yi nasarar magance cutar kawai a matakin farkolokacin da tsarin jin tsoro bai shafi ba. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da kwayoyi na musamman, wanda aikin da ake nufi da halakar pathogen - pentamidine da suramin. Maganin cutar a mataki na biyu da wuya, saboda wannan suna amfani da kwayoyi masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka - ƙara yawan hawan jini, arrhythmia, tashin zuciya da amai.
Halin da ake fama da shi na jiyya ya kasance saboda ikon ma'aikacin da ke haifar da cututtuka don canzawa kullum da haɓaka juriya ga abubuwan da ke aiki na kwayoyi.
Hanyoyin sarrafa gardama na Tstse
A cikin shekaru da yawa, an yi amfani da dabaru daban-daban don sarrafa kuda ta tsetse.
| Qasa mai kunci | Don kawar da kwaro, sun lalatar da dukan dabbobi, jinin da ya ciyar. Da farko, wannan hanya ta nuna babban inganci, amma daga baya ya nuna cewa taron ba shi da amfani: tsetse da aka ciyar da jinin kananan dabbobi, dabbobi masu rarrafe da tsuntsaye. |
| sare itatuwa | Hanyar tana kama da wacce ta gabata: mutane sun yi ƙoƙari su hana kwarin yanayin rayuwar da ya saba da shi da fatan cewa jama'a za su fara mutuwa. Duk da haka, bayan lokaci ya bayyana cewa hanyar ta fi cutarwa fiye da kyau. |
| Amfani da sinadarai. | An fesa magungunan kashe qwari da magungunan kashe qwari a wuraren zaman na tsetse tare da taimakon jiragen sama. Wadannan ayyukan ba su kawo sakamakon da ake tsammani ba. |
| Tarkuna | Don kera tarko, ana amfani da fata mai duhu na shanu ko masana'anta cike da ƙamshin dabbobi - fitsari ko halitta ta wucin gadi, tana kwaikwayon numfashi. Hanyar tana taimakawa wajen rage yawan mutanen tsetse, amma ta wannan hanyar ba za ku iya kawar da kowa ba. Ana iya amfani da irin waɗannan baits don kare yawan jama'a da dabbobi, yana da kyau a sanya su a kusa da ƙauyuka da gonaki. |
| Haihuwar namiji | Maza suna haifuwa da radiation sannan a sake su cikin yanayin halitta. Bayan saduwa, mata ba sa iya yin ƙwai da aka haɗe, wanda ke haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a. Hanyar ta nuna inganci musamman a Zanzibar. Duk da haka, rashin shamaki na ruwa tare da wasu jihohi ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa maza masu lafiya sun fada cikin yankin kuma kwari sun sake yin girma. A halin yanzu, ana la'akari da wannan hanya mafi inganci, amma a cikin yankunan da ke kewaye da ruwa. |
Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa hadaddun amfani da hanyoyin 3 na ƙarshe zai taimaka wajen lalata yawan kwaro, amma wannan yana buƙatar lokaci mai yawa.
Maƙiyan halitta na tsetse suna tashi a cikin yanayi
A cikin yanayi, Tsetse ba shi da abokan gaba. Wasu nau'in tsuntsaye na iya amfani da abincin su, amma ba bisa ga dindindin ba, amma a cikin rashin sauran abinci. Babban makiyin kuda shi ne mutumin da ke neman halaka shi saboda dalilai na fili.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin kuda na tsetse
Yankin wurin zama na parasite yana da kusan kilomita miliyan 10. Wannan shi ne abin da ake kira koren hamada. Mafi sau da yawa, ƙasa mai albarka suna cikin wannan yanki, waɗanda ba za a iya amfani da su ba kawai saboda kasancewar tsetse kwari akan su.
Galibin jihohin da tsetse ke rayuwa a cikin su suna kasa da kangin talauci, kuma ana daukar matsayin rayuwa a wadannan kasashe a matsayin mafi karanci a duniya. Shekaru da yawa, shirin haɗin gwiwa yana haɓaka hanyoyin magance kwari, amma duk hanyoyin da aka haɓaka suna da tasirin dangi kawai.
Bayanai masu ban sha'awa game da kuda na tsetse da cizon sa
Tsetse wani mummunan kwari ne da dan Adam ba zai iya kawar da shi ba tsawon shekaru aru-aru, kuma ko ci gaban zamani ba zai iya taimakawa wajen magance wannan batu ba. Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa masu alaƙa da kwari da cizon sa waɗanda za su yi amfani a sani:
- Wasu suna ganin cewa bai kamata a halaka kwarin ba. Misali, mai fafutukar kare namun daji, Bernhard Grzimek, ya yi imanin cewa kuda na tsetse na kare dabi’ar da ba a taba ba daga shiga cikin wayewa.
- Kudaje ba su taɓa kai hari kan zebra ba, saboda launinsu na baki da fari suna zage-zage a idanunsu, amma sau da yawa sukan kai hari kan injin mota, suna tunanin cewa dabba ce mai ɗumi.
- Kimanin mutane 30 ne ke mutuwa duk shekara a Afirka saboda Tsetse.
- Kwaro yana tashi gaba ɗaya shiru, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake masa lakabi da "barazanar shiru".