Asu mai hakar ma'adinai: yadda malam buɗe ido ke lalatar da dukan garuruwa

Ma'adinin ganyen chestnut shine babban kwaro na daya daga cikin shahararrun tsirrai a wuraren shakatawa na birane a kasashen Turai, doki chestnut. Mai hakar ma'adinan Ohrid yana lalata ganye, wanda ke haifar da lahani mara kyau ga shuka. Bukatar yaƙar ta yana ƙara wahala kowace shekara.

Menene asu na chestnut yayi kama (hoto)

Bayani da bayyanar

name: Asu Chestnut, Ohrid mai hakar ma'adinai
Yaren Latin: Kamara ohridella

Class Kwari - Kwari
Kama: Lepidoptera - Lepidoptera
Iyali: Asu asu - Gracillaridae

	Wuraren zama:	wani lambu
	Mai haɗari ga:	doki chestnuts
	Hanyar halaka:	hanyoyin jama'a, sunadarai

Asu na kirji.

Babban mai hakar ma'adinan Ohrid yayi kama da karamar malam buɗe ido - tsawon jiki - 7 mm, fuka-fuki - har zuwa 10 mm. Jiki yana da launin ruwan kasa, fuka-fukan gaba an bambanta su ta hanyar ƙirar motley mai haske da farar layi akan launin ruwan kasa-ja, fuka-fukan hind suna da launin toka.

An yi wa fararen tafukan ado da ɗigo baƙar fata. An kira kwarin mai hakar ma'adinai ne saboda iyawar sa wurare (nakiyoyin) a cikin ganyayyaki.

Masana kimiyyar asu masu haƙar ma'adinan Chestnut suna magana ne akan dangin asu, waɗanda wani nau'in malam buɗe ido ne da ke iya mamaye yankin wasu nau'ikan.

Tsarin ci gaba na kwaro ya ƙunshi lokacin aiki na shekaru biyu, lokacin da caterpillars waɗanda suka fito daga ƙwai suna iya lalata manyan wuraren dashen bishiyar. Sa'an nan kuma ya biyo bayan shekaru 3-4 na kwantar da hankali.

Zagayowar rayuwa

A lokacin rayuwarsa, tawadar Allah ta bi ta cikin manyan matakai na rayuwa guda 4:

Haƙarƙari asu

Ana daukar kwarin daya daga cikin nau'in asu mafi yawan tashin hankali, wanda ke lalata ganye a kan bishiyoyi da sauri.

Asu ya lalata ƙwanƙwasa.

A lokacin kakar, matan Ohrid masu hakar ma'adinan suna iya ba da 'ya'ya 3. Yayin da caterpillar asu ke tsiro a cikin wuraren hakar ma'adinai, adadin yawan shukar da yake sha yana ƙaruwa. A kan ganye, lalacewa ya zama bayyane a riga a mataki na 4th-5th na ci gaba.

Farantin ganye, wanda caterpillars ke cinyewa, ya zama an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa, fara bushewa kuma ya faɗi. Saboda yawan lalacewar ganyen, bishiyoyin ba su da lokacin tara abubuwan gina jiki a lokacin kakar, wanda ke haifar da daskarewa na bishiyoyin ƙirji ko bushewa daga yawan rassan rassan a lokacin hunturu.

A cikin bazara, ganye akan irin waɗannan bishiyoyi ba sa yin fure da kyau, shuke-shuke masu rauni sun fi kamuwa da wasu kwari (kwari, fungi, da sauransu). Bayan haka, Asu mai hakar ma'adinan chestnut yana aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya cutar da bishiyoyi da sauran tsire-tsire.

Kwararrun masana a cikin greenhouses sun lura da cin nasara da yawa, inda ake dasa shuki don dasa shuki a wuraren shakatawa.

A wuraren shakatawa na Turai (Jamus, Poland da sauran ƙasashe), chestnuts sune babban nau'in da ake amfani da su a wuraren shakatawa. Bishiyoyin da suka lalace suna rasa tasirin adonsu kuma su mutu cikin ƴan shekaru.

Lalacewar tattalin arziki daga ayyukan asu na chestnut da kuma maye gurbin bishiyu da wasu nau'ikan da suka fi tsayayya da kwari an kiyasta cewa kwararru a babban birnin Jamus Berlin sun kiyasta Euro miliyan 300.

Tsire-tsire da ma'adinan chestnut ya shafa

Babban shuke-shuke masu saukin kamuwa da farmakin asu na chestnut shine dokin doki na nau'in farin furanni (Jafananci da na kowa). Duk da haka, wasu nau'in chestnuts ( Sinanci, Indiyawa, California, da dai sauransu) ba sa jawo hankalin malam buɗe ido, saboda a kan ganyen su, caterpillars sun riga sun mutu a matakin farko na ci gaba.

Bugu da ƙari, Asu na chestnut yana kai hari ga wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire, dasa duka a cikin gidajen rani da a wuraren shakatawa na birni:

• maple kayan ado (fari da holly);
• inabi 'yan mata;
• shrubs (wardi, holly, rhododendron).

Alamomin lalacewa da rigakafi

A cikin lambunan gida, yawancin masu mallakar sun fi son yin amfani da hanyoyin da ke taimakawa hana ƙwai na leafminer na chestnut da rage yawan su.

Don hana haifuwa na kwari, ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa:

• nannade kututtukan bishiya tare da bel na manne a farkon lokacin rani na butterflies;
• rataye tef ko faranti mai launin rawaya a tsayin kambi, wanda aka shafe da yawa tare da manne Pestifix - wannan yana taimakawa kama moths a lokacin rani;
• girbi ganyayen da suka fadi a cikin kaka, wanda pupae da butterflies ke ɓoye don hunturu;
• kula da kututturan itace tare da shirye-shiryen kwari don lalata kwari da ke toshe a ƙarƙashin haushi don hunturu;
• zurfin tono ƙasa a cikin kusa-kusa da'irar chestnuts a kan wani yanki na akalla 1,5 kambi diamita.

Yadda ake magance asu mai haƙar ma'adinai

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance ma'adinan Ohrid: jama'a, sinadarai, ilimin halitta da na inji.

Magungunan magungunan gargajiya

Fesa shuka.

Hanyar jama'a wacce ta keɓance amfani da magungunan kashe qwari ita ce a bi da shukar chestnut a matakin farko, lokacin da malam buɗe ido da ke yawo a kusa da bishiyoyi suka fara yin ƙwai (a Rasha wannan yana faruwa a watan Mayu).

Don yin wannan, yi amfani da maganin Liposam bioadhesive, koren sabulu da ruwa. Sakamakon ruwa yana fesa a kan kututtuka da rassan bishiyoyi, da kuma kusa da da'irar ƙasa mai girman girman 1,5-2 kambi. Wannan hanya tana taimakawa wajen kawar da kwari ta hanyar haɗa fikafikan su tare. Lokacin da maganin ya fado, malam buɗe ido ya garzaya zuwa ga ganye ko gangar jikin ya mutu.

Sinadaran

Hanyar sinadarai ta ƙunshi 2-3 magani guda ɗaya na bishiyoyi tare da mafita:

• na tsarin kashe kwari (Aktara, Karate, Calypso, Kinmiks, da dai sauransu), wanda aka ƙara abubuwa masu aiki na Agro-surfactant;
• maganin kashe kwari na hanji (Aktelik, Decis, Inta-vir, Karbofos, da dai sauransu) tare da ƙari na Agro-surfactant.

Ana ba da shawarar jiyya tare da sinadarai ta hanyar fesa ganyen chestnut da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi kowane mako 2 a duk lokacin kakar, wasu shirye-shirye. Wannan yana taimakawa rage haɗarin kwari su kamu da maganin kwari.

Ilimin halittu

Ana amfani da kwayoyi masu aiki da ilimin halitta a duk lokacin bazara da lokacin rani. Don sarrafawa, ana amfani da larvicides, ovicides, Bitobaxibacelin, Dimilin, Insegar (masu hana haɓakawar chitin). Wadannan kwayoyi na aikin hulɗa suna hana samuwar membrane na chitinous, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar kwari a matakin tsutsa.

Hanyar kariya ta injina ta ƙunshi maganin rawanin bishiyoyi tare da jet mai ƙarfi na ruwa daga bututu, wanda ke ba da damar buga kwari a ƙasa a lokacin bazara.

Har ila yau, asu mai hakar ma'adinai yana da abokan gaba - waɗannan nau'o'in tsuntsaye sama da 20 ne na kowa a Turai. Suna rayayye ci caterpillars da kwaro pupae. Suna kuma ciyar da tsutsa asu da wasu nau'ikan kwari (tururuwa, tururuwa, gizo-gizo, da sauransu).

Asu mai haƙar maƙarƙashiyar chestnut wata ƙaƙƙarfan kwaro ce da ke iya haifar da mutuwar bishiyoyi. Hadarinsa yana da girma saboda ana iya lura da cutar da ke kan shuka lokacin da ba za a iya warkewa ba. Kuma saurin yaduwar asu a kasashen Turai na nuni da bukatar daukar matakan gaggawa don ceton shuke-shuken ado a wuraren shakatawa da lambuna.