Wanene kunkuru bug gurasa: hoto da bayanin mai son hatsi mai haɗari

Marubucin labarin
Ra'ayoyin 340
6 min. don karatu

Kunkuru irin ƙwaro ne mai haɗari kwaro na hunturu da kuma bazara alkama. Yana cutar da sauran amfanin gona na hatsi, kuma yana iya cutar da raspberries, tumatir, da cucumbers. Don ajiye amfanin gona, zaɓi mafi inganci matakan magance kwari.

Bedbug cutarwa kunkuru: bayanin da fasali na nau'in

Kunkuru mai cutarwa kwaro yana cikin tsari Hemiptera, Turtles Turtles, Garkuwan dangi, nau'in Arthropods. Kwaro ne mai haɗari na hatsi irin su alkama, sha'ir, hatsi, hatsin rai da masara. Yana tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga tushen shuka kuma kunne ya bushe.

Внешний вид
Jikin yana lulluɓe da harsashi mai kauri, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da ɗigogi da ɗigogi, gaba ɗaya ya rufe ciki da fikafikai. A kai akwai gashin baki guda biyar, nau'in nau'in tsotsa. Faranti na zygomatic ba sa rufe a gaban clypeus. Jikin yana da nau'i-nau'i, 1-1,2 cm tsawo, 0,6-0,9 cm fadi, tare da nau'i-nau'i uku na ƙafafu mai sassa uku.
Zagayowar da ci gaba
Tsarin rayuwa na kwaro yana da alaƙa da lokacin haɓaka amfanin gona na hatsi. A cikin bazara, bayan fitowar tsire-tsire na alkama, kwari suna zaune a cikin filayen. Bayan hadi, matan suna sanya ƙwai a kan tsire-tsire. A cikin watanni 3-4, yayin da al'adun ke girma, kwari suna kan filin. A cikin kaka, bayan girbi, sukan tashi zuwa wuraren da suke da sanyi.   
Me yake ci
Kwaro yana ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Babban tushen shine dasa shuki na hunturu ko alkama na bazara, amma bai ƙi hatsin rai, sha'ir, hatsi, gero, masara ba. Yana shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga amfanin gona: cucumbers da tumatir. Hakanan yana ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga tushen ciyawa iri-iri. 

Siffofin Yaduwa

Don bayyanar zuriya, ana buƙatar namiji da mace. Bayan hadi, matan suna yin ƙwai. A lokaci guda, ta iya sanya ƙwai 14 a kan farantin ganye na shuka, waɗanda aka jera a cikin layuka biyu. Suna zagaye, koren launi, har zuwa 1,1 cm a diamita.
A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, bayan kwanaki 6-10, tsutsa suna fitowa daga ƙwai. Yayin da kwai ke tasowa, yana canza launi da tsari. A farkon yana da kore, amma kafin bayyanar larvae ya zama ruwan hoda. Tsutsa yayi kama da babba, amma ba tare da fuka-fuki ba. Bayan wuce shekaru 5, ya juya ya zama imago.
Tsutsar da ta fito daga cikin kwan tana da ruwan hoda, tsayin mm 1.5, ta wuce zuwa lokacin girma na gaba, tsayin jikinsa yana ƙaruwa kuma launin ya yi duhu. A cikin lokaci na ƙarshe, kwarin yana haɓaka fuka-fuki. Tsarin ci gaba na tsutsa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 35-40. A matakin girma, kwaro mai cutarwa yana tsira daga hunturu.

nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da ilimin dabi'a

Jinsuna biyu suna kusa da kwaro na kunkuru mai cutarwa: kwari na Australiya da Moorish, amma suna da wasu bambance-bambance.

Kwaron Ostiraliya yana da kai mai nuni a saman. Akwai babban crest akan garkuwa. Jikin yana da tsayin 1,1-1,3 cm Yana cutar da amfanin gona. Ba kasafai ake samun shi a cikin kasar Rasha ba, amma a wuraren da suke kasuwanci, amfanin gona yana shan wahala sosai. 
Kwaron kunkuru na Moorish yana da jiki mai tsayi, tsayin 8-11 mm da kai mai kusurwa. Yana lalata amfanin gonakin hatsi. Ba zato ba tsammani ya fada cikin gari, lokacin da ake nika hatsi, yana ba shi launin rawaya da dandano mara kyau. Gurasar da aka yi da irin wannan gari na iya cutar da lafiyar mutane.

Inda kunkuru mai cutarwa ke rayuwa: rarraba yanki da wurin zama

Kwarin yana rayuwa ne a wuraren da ake noman alkama da sauran hatsi. A Rasha yana samuwa:

  • a yankin Tsakiyar Black Earth;
  • a Arewacin Caucasus;
  • a cikin Krasnodar;
  • Yankin Stavropol;
  • Volga yankin, a cikin Urals;
  • a Yammacin Siberiya.

Kwari suna tashi daga gonaki don neman lokacin sanyi, wani lokacin kuma suna tashi sama da kilomita 50 don neman wurin da ya dace. Suna yin hibernate a cikin bel na gandun daji, lambuna, dazuzzuka a bushe, zuriyar ganyen da suka fadi. Bayan tara wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki a lokacin kakar, kwari suna ɓoye a cikin busassun ganye kuma su zauna a can har sai bazara. Da zarar iska ta yi zafi har zuwa +12 a cikin bazara, sai su bar matsuguninsu suna neman hanyar abinci.

Kwaron kunkuru ne mai cutarwa.

Wane lahani ne kwaro zai iya yin kunkuru mai cutarwa

Kwaron gado yana lalata shuke-shuke da yawa. Hakanan, duka manya da larvae a duk tsawon lokacin da al'adun suka girma, suna tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ciki kuma hakan yana haifar da:

  • zuwa mutuwar tsakiyar ganye a kan harbe;
  • nakasar kashin baya;
  • zuwa ƙarancin hatsi;
  • zuwa farin kunne da kuma bushewarsa;
  • lalacewar hatsin alkama da sauran hatsi.

Abin da tsire-tsire ke shafar kwaro

Kwarin yana lalata girbin hunturu da bazara, alkama, hatsi, sha'ir, gero, da masara. A cikin lambun, lokacin mamayewa, tsire-tsire na tumatir da cucumbers na iya wahala.

Kwaro ya huda tushe na ƙaramin shuka tare da proboscis, yana tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace. A cikin ruwan kwaro akwai wani enzyme wanda, lokacin da ya shiga shuka tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, yana haifar da rushewar carbohydrates. Wannan shuka yana bushewa.
Yana huda kutuwar alkama kafin a fara cika kunn kuma ya tsotse ruwan ’ya’yan itacen, wanda hakan ke haifar da rashin bunqasa hatsin, kuma a qarqashin tasirin miyau, alkama da ke cikin hatsin ya rasa qwai, wanda hakan ke shafar ingancin kullu. .
Kunkuru da tsire-tsire masu cutarwa. Bayan ƙulla kwaro tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na tumatir da cucumbers, yawan amfanin su yana raguwa. Hakanan zaka iya saduwa da kwaro a cikin rasberi bushes, amma ba ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga bushes.

Alamun lalacewar kwaro

Ana iya ƙayyade kasancewar kwari ta hanyar lalacewa ga tsire-tsire. Yana da mahimmanci a kula da irin waɗannan gazawar:

  • m wilting na seedlings;
  • lalacewa da fari na spikelets;
  • discoloration na hatsi, fasa da lalacewa suna bayyane akan hatsi.

Tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke girma da sauri kuma suna da babban abun ciki na ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin mai tushe musamman harin ƙwayoyin cuta.

Matakan magance kwaro tare da kunkuru mai cutarwa

Don magance kwaro na kunkuru yadda ya kamata, ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban, kowannensu yana da ribobi da fursunoni kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin wani yanayi. Wani lokaci ana amfani da hanyoyi biyu a lokaci guda. Bayan ƙoƙarin yin amfani da kowane ɗayan hanyoyin da ake da su, sarrafa kwari yakan ƙare tare da amfani da sinadarai.

Matakan Agrotechnical

Matakan Agrotechnical sun rage yiwuwar kwari. Kuna iya ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa:

  • zaɓi nau'ikan don dasa shuki masu tsayayya da harin kwaro;
  • amfani da takin mai magani wanda ya ƙunshi potassium da phosphorus;
  • lalata ciyayi a kusa da filayen da alkama ke tsiro;
  • girbi a kan kari.

Ba shi da wahala a bi irin waɗannan dokoki, amma su ne mabuɗin adana amfanin gona.

Kuna yin gyaran fuska a yankinku?
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Matakan sarrafa sinadarai

Ana gudanar da jiyya tare da sinadarai a karo na farko, bayan isowar mutane masu overwintered a filin wasa, kuma a karo na biyu - bayan bayyanar larvae, a lokacin girma. Lokacin da alamun farko na lalacewar amfanin gona ta hanyar kunkuru ya bayyana, nan da nan ya kamata ku yi yaƙi da su. Tare da mamayewa mai yawa na kwari, ana amfani da maganin kashe kwari don magance tsire-tsire.

Don sarrafawa, ana amfani da Aktara, Karate-Zeon ko Fastcom. Ana aiwatar da aiki daidai da umarnin. Ya kamata a lura cewa kwaro yana da ikon haɓaka rigakafi ga magungunan kashe qwari. Sabili da haka, don sarrafawa yana da kyau kada ku yi amfani da kayan aiki iri ɗaya sau biyu a jere.

Hanyar mutane

Hanyoyin da ake samuwa zasu taimaka wajen korar kwari daga tsire-tsire. Amma suna amfani da irin waɗannan hanyoyin lokacin da adadinsu kaɗan ne.

TafarnuwaAna diluted foda na tafarnuwa a cikin ruwa. Ɗauki cokali 1 a kowace lita 4, haɗuwa da sarrafa shuka.
Jiko na kwasfa albasa200 grams na kwasfa albasa an zuba tare da 1 lita na ruwan zãfi, nace a rana daya, tace. Ana kawo jiko da aka gama zuwa lita 10 ta hanyar ƙara adadin ruwan da ya dace kuma ana bi da tsire-tsire ta ganye da ganye.
Mustard fodaAna zuba gram 100 na busasshen garin mustard a cikin lita 1 na ruwan zafi, a zuba wani lita 9 na ruwa a gauraya sannan a fesa shuka.
decoctions na ganyeAna amfani da decoction na wormwood, cloves, barkono ja don mamaye kwaro.
Black cohoshAn dasa shukar cohosh baƙar fata a kusa da kewayen filin, yana korar kwaro daga tsire-tsire.

Hanyar Halittu: Maƙiyan Halitta

A cikin yanayi, kunkuru mai cutarwa yana da abokan gaba na halitta, waɗannan su ne mahayi, gizo-gizo, beetles, tururuwa, tsuntsaye. Daya daga cikin mafi hatsari makiya na kwaro ne tahina tashi. Ta kwankwasa ƙwai a jikinsa, larvae ɗin da ke fitowa daga cikin kwai suna shiga cikin kwarin, ya raunana kuma ya kasa haifuwa. Telenomus akan ƙwai na gado yana sa ƙwanƙwasa da tsutsansa suna cinye cikin ƙwai.

Kwayoyin gado suna fama da ƙwaro na ƙasa da ƙwaro da ke shiga wuraren hunturu, tururuwa na daji suna kai farmaki ga kwari.

Halitta maƙiyan gado.

Tarkon kwaro

Ana amfani da irin waɗannan tarko don kashe kwari.

Ana sanya tarko na pheromone tare da gefuna na filayen, kwari suna zuwa haske da nasu warin. Amma irin waɗannan tarko ba za a iya sanya su a tsakiyar filin ba, in ba haka ba kwari za su yi tururuwa zuwa wari kuma suna cutar da amfanin gona.
Tarko masu haske sun ƙunshi akwati, ciki wanda an rufe shi da farar takarda kuma an kunna kwan fitila. A karkashin tarkon akwai wanka da ruwan sabulu, inda kwari da suka shigo duniya suka fada.

Matakan hanyoyin kariya

Matakan rigakafi na lokaci zai taimaka kare amfanin gona daga kunkuru beetles. ’Yan sauki dokoki da za a bi:

  • shuka tsaba a zurfin da ya dace;
  • a hankali zaɓi tsaba don dasa shuki;
  • amfani da takin ma'adinai don wadatar ƙasa, musamman ammonium nitrate da narkewa;
  • kar a jinkirta girbi da sarrafa filin na gaba;
  • shuka amfanin gona a filayen da ke kusa da dazuzzuka.
A baya
kwarin gadoShin zai yiwu a kawar da kwari tare da tansy: asirin sirrin ciyawa a gefen hanya
Na gaba
kwarin gadoMafarauci mai ƙazanta bug: mafarauci shiru tare da cikakkiyar kama
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