Triatomine bug: bayyanar da bayanin kwaro mai ƙauna daga Mexico
Triatomine kwari su ne wakilan iyali na wannan sunan, wanda ke zaune a Arewacin Amirka. Mutane suna kiransa "bug kissing" ko "mai kisa mai laushi" - mafi yawan lokuta yana zama a kan fuska a fannin lebe da idanu kuma yana dauke da cuta mai kisa.
Abubuwa
- Triatom bug: bayanin da fasali na nau'in
- Inda kwarorin triatomine suke rayuwa
- Yadda ake gano cewa bug ɗin sumbata ya daidaita a kusa
- Abin da za a yi idan an sami kwaro triatomic a gida
- Me yasa kwari triatomine ke da haɗari ga mutane?
- Menene cutar Chagas
- Yadda ake magance cutar Chagas
- Rigakafin cizon kwari na triatomic
Triatom bug: bayanin da fasali na nau'in
Kwaron triatomine na dangin suna ɗaya ne. Dukkan wakilan wannan nau'in suna bambanta da girman girman su da takamaiman hali.
Bayyanar da tsari
Sumbatar kwaro babban kwaro ne, tsawon jikinsa yana daga 2 zuwa 3,5 cm, duhu duhu ko launin toka mai launin toka tare da bayyana ratsi ja tare da gefuna. Jiki mai siffar pear. Shugaban babba ne, mai siffar mazugi tare da lumshe idanu. A bayansa akwai fuka-fuki masu naɗe da fata. Kwarin yana da gaɓoɓi biyu masu santsi guda 3.
Haihuwa da zagayowar rayuwa
Menene kwaron triatomine ke ci?
Babban abincin kwaro na sumba shine jinin mutane da na dabbobi. Bugu da ƙari, ba kawai manya ba, har ma nymphs suna ciyar da wannan hanya. A cikin neman mazaunin ɗan adam, kwaro ya shawo kan nisa sosai, a matsayin mai mulkin, hasken wucin gadi na gidaje shine jagora a gare shi.
Kusan kullun yana cizon fuska. Hakan ya faru ne saboda sha'awar carbon dioxide, wanda mutum ya fitar a cikin mafarki.
Yadda za a bambanta da sauran nau'in
Kwaro na triatomine yayi kama da sauran kwari, amma ana iya bambanta shi da fuka-fuki na fata da ƙananan bakin ciki, tapering zuwa iyakar, paws.
Inda kwarorin triatomine suke rayuwa
Kwari masu haɗari suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ƙasashe masu yanayi mai zafi. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki a gare shi shine + 25-28 digiri.
A waɗanne ƙasashe ne za ku iya samun kwari
Kasashen da sumbatar kwaro ke rayuwa suna cikin yankin Kudancin Amurka da Arewacin Amurka.
Mazauna jihohi masu zuwa galibi suna fama da cizon wannan kwaro:
- Guatemala;
- Ecuador;
- Bolivia;
- Argentina;
- Colombia;
- Uruguay;
- Panama;
- Brazil.
Bugu da kari, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ƙara yin rikodin lokuta na gano ƙwayoyin cuta a wasu ƙasashe: Pakistan, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore. Masana sun yi bayanin fadada mazaunin kwaro ta hanyar haɓaka fasinja da zirga-zirgar sufuri.
Ana samun wannan nau'in a Rasha?
Yanayin yanayi na ƙasarmu bai dace da wurin zama ba, sabili da haka, a cikin Rasha ba a sami lokuta na sumbatar kaska ba. Rashawa na iya fama da cizon sa ne kawai yayin tafiya don hutu ko balaguron kasuwanci. An shawarci mutanen da ke ziyartar ƙasashen da ke sama da su san kansu da bayanai game da wannan ƙwayar cuta.
Yadda ake gano cewa bug ɗin sumbata ya daidaita a kusa
Mafi sau da yawa, kasancewar kwaro a cikin gidan ana gano shi ta hanyar hulɗa da shi kai tsaye, ko kuma mutum ya lura da shi a kan gado da gangan. Har ila yau, bayyanar farar fata ko duhu na asali wanda ba a san shi ba akan gadon yana iya nuna bayyanarsa.
Wadanne kwari ne suka fi rikicewa da kwaroron sumbata
Tsarin gado ya haɗa kusan nau'ikan 40 dubu. Wasu daga cikinsu suna kama da triatomic:
Abin da za a yi idan an sami kwaro triatomic a gida
Idan an sami kwaro na sumba a cikin gida, kar a taba shi da hannayekuma, tun da kamuwa da cuta na iya faruwa ta hanyar microcracks a cikin fata.
- Ya kamata ku sanya safar hannu ko kare hannayenku da zane, ɗauki kwarin, sanya shi a cikin akwati mai matsewar murfi sannan a aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don masana su gano ko mutum yana ɗauke da cutar.
- Dole ne a kula da saman da aka samu kwaro. Idan masana'anta ne, to yana da kyau a ƙone shi. Idan saman yana da wuya, to sai a wanke shi da ruwan sabulu da bleach.
Me yasa kwari triatomine ke da haɗari ga mutane?
Menene cutar Chagas
Cutar Chagas cuta ce ta parasitic. Ma'anar abin da ke haifar da ita ita ce microorganism unicellular Trypanosoma cruzi. Kuna iya kamuwa da cutar ba kawai ta hanyar cizon parasite ba, ko da ɗan gajeren hulɗa da saman jikinsa na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta.
A halin yanzu babu maganin rigakafi na trypanosomiasis na Amurka.
Alamomin kamuwa da cuta
Lokacin shiryawa na cutar yana daga kwanaki 7 zuwa 40. Cutar kanta tana faruwa a cikin matakai 2, alamun bayyanar sun dogara da matakin ci gaban cutar.
Wani lokaci mai tsanani
Mafi sau da yawa, bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti suna faruwa kusan nan da nan bayan cizon, a lokuta da yawa wannan lokaci na iya zama asymptomatic. Bayan kamuwa da cuta, ja, kumburi, da ƙaramin nodule suna bayyana a wurin cizon. Ƙarin bayyanar cututtuka suna kama da bayyanar sanyi, don haka sau da yawa ana watsi da su.
Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
- zazzabi
- yawan zafin jiki;
- ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph;
- kumburin fuska;
- ƙananan rashes a kan fata;
- cututtuka na gastrointestinal fili.
Alamar kamuwa da cuta ita ce abin da ake kira alamar Roman - kumburi mai tsanani da overhanging na fatar ido a kan ido. A wannan mataki, haɗarin mutuwa na majiyyaci yana da yawa idan ba a ba shi taimakon lokaci ba. Matakin ya ƙare bayan watanni 1-2, kuma idan babu magani, cutar ta shiga cikin mataki na yau da kullun.
A wannan lokaci, jiki yana samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga ƙwayoyin cuta. Duk da haka, wannan baya nufin cewa akwai farfadowa. Alamun sun zama ƙasa da ƙasa kuma wannan shine rashin hankali na cutar - yana ci gaba da lalata gabobin jiki, amma a lokaci guda mutum zai iya samun rashin jin daɗi a wani lokaci kawai ta hanyar jin zafi a cikin ciki ko zuciya, amma duk da haka, canje-canjen da ba za a iya jurewa suna faruwa ba. a cikin jiki. Lokaci na yau da kullun na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa. Mafi tsananin sakamakon cutar Chagas shine haɓakar tsokar zuciya, hanta, esophagus, hanji. A cikin kashi 5-10% ana lura da meningitis da meningoencephalitis.
A mafi yawan lokuta, trypanosomiasis ana kamuwa da shi ta hanyar cizon kwaro. Mai shayar da jini ya fi son cizo a wurin da ke kusa da idanu da baki, don haka galibi kwayar cutar ta kan shiga ta cikin mucosa lokacin da mutum ya shafa wurin cizon. Tushen kwaro ya ƙunshi maganin sa barci, don haka mutum a lokacin huda fata tare da kaska ba ya fuskantar rashin jin daɗi. Su kansu kwari sun kamu da kwayar cutar daga dabbobin daji - birai, opossums, berayen da armadillos.
Shiga cikin kwayar cutar Chagas a cikin jikin mutum kuma na iya faruwa ta wasu hanyoyi: tuntuɓar tactile tare da ƙwayar cuta: kamuwa da cuta ya shiga cikin fata, sa'an nan kuma ya shiga cikin raunuka, microcracks, da mucous membranes. Cikewar kashin kwarin da ke cikin abincin da ba a yi masa magani mai zafi ba cikin gaggawa. Daga uwa mai cutar zuwa yaro lokacin haihuwa da shayarwa. Lokacin cin naman dabbobi marasa lafiya, tare da ƙarin jini da dashen gabobin jiki.
A halin yanzu, ganewar cutar ta Chagas ba ta da kyau. Domin amintacce tantance ko ya zama dole a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa. Mafi sau da yawa, ana yin gwajin jini na serological da gwajin Guerreiro-Machado don binciken. Hakanan ana amfani da Xenodiagnosis: ana allurar jinin mai yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar cikin kwarorin sumba mai lafiya, sannan ana gwada kwarin don cutar Chagas. Idan cutar ta wuce zuwa mataki na yau da kullum, mafi yawan lokuta sakamakon gwajin ba shi da kyau.
Yadda ake magance cutar Chagas
Na zamani, babu ingantaccen magani ga cutar Chagas. Jiyya na da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, kuma ana nufin rage yawan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jiki.
Idan ka fara jiyya a cikin m lokaci, to, yiwuwar cikakken murmurewa ne 90%.
Magungunan da aka fi amfani dasu sune Nifurtimox da Benznidazole. Wadannan kwayoyi suna da kaddarorin antiprotosic kuma suna kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. A cikin mataki na yau da kullum, shan wadannan kwayoyi ba abu ne mai kyau ba, kawai ana amfani da maganin kulawa.
Maganin cizo a gida
Ya kamata a lura cewa jiyya na tryponasomiasis a gida a gaban m, halayyar bayyanar cututtuka ba a yarda da kuma neman likita ya zama dole.
Koyaya, kafin ku je asibiti, zaku iya ɗaukar matakan gaggawa da kanku:
- wanke wurin cizon da ruwan dumi da sabulun kashe kwayoyin cuta;
- shafa kankara da aka sanya a cikin jakar filastik mai tsabta zuwa fata kusa da wurin cizon don kawar da kumburi;
- bi da rauni tare da kowane maganin antiseptik - maganin barasa, gel disinfecting;
- don kawar da itching, shafa calamine ko fenistil zuwa fata;
- a kowane hali kada ku tsefe wurin cizon, kuma ana ba da shawarar ku yanke ƙusoshinku gwargwadon yadda zai yiwu don kada ku lalata raunin da gangan ko a cikin mafarki;
- dauki wani antihistamines.
Menene alamomin da ake buƙatar ɗauka zuwa asibiti?
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, dole ne ku tuntuɓi cibiyar kiwon lafiya a kowane hali. Alamomi masu zuwa sune dalilin kiran gaggawa ga likita:
- dizziness da asarar fuskantarwa a sararin samaniya;
- kumburi da fatar ido;
- ƙarancin numfashi, zafi a cikin zuciya;
- yawan zafin jiki;
- fata fatar jiki;
- amai, gudawa, ko maƙarƙashiya mai tsanani.
Rigakafin cizon kwari na triatomic
Babu maganin rigakafi don cutar Chagas, amma bin matakan kariya masu sauƙi na iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta:
- yi amfani da raga na musamman don kare tagogi da wuraren barci, wanda ke hana shiga cikin parasite;
- kiyaye duk ka'idodin tsabtace mutum;
- a matsayin prophylaxis, dauki kwayoyi bisa permethrin;
- idan an sami kwayoyin cuta a cikin gida, a yi amfani da mahadi na musamman don kawar da su.