Wanene ainihin kwari masu wari (iyali): cikakken bayani akan kwari "m"
A cikin yanayi, akwai nau'ikan kwari iri-iri. Garkuwa sune wakilai masu haske na danginsu, akwai nau'ikan ɗari da yawa daga cikinsu. Suna mamakin launuka iri-iri, amma sun bambanta da juna a cikin abubuwan da ake so na dafuwa. Ƙwaƙwalwar garkuwa na iya ɓad da kanta a matsayin dangi ko ma mai fafatawa kuma ta tsira a cikin manyan sanyi.
Abubuwa
Cikakken bayanin kwaro daga dangin Garkuwan
Beetles daga dangin Scutellum suna da launuka iri-iri, amma tsarin jiki, hanyoyin haifuwa da haɓaka suna kama da juna. Mutane da yawa sun san kwari masu wari ko ƙwanƙwasa ɗigo masu haske waɗanda ke rayuwa akan ciyayi. Sun sami sunan su ne saboda harsashin chitinous wanda ke rufe jiki, siffa kamar garkuwa.
Bayyanar da tsari
Ko da yake kwari na dangin Garkuwa sun bambanta da launi da girma, tsarin jikinsu iri ɗaya ne:
- jiki yana da kashi uku cikin hudu an rufe shi da garkuwa;
- girman jiki daga 0,7 zuwa 18 mm;
- kai triangular. lebur;
- dogon eriya a kai, wanda ya ƙunshi sassan 4-5;
- na'urar baka na nau'in tsotsa ne, wanda ya bambanta da tsayi da kauri na proboscis. A cikin mutane masu farauta, yana da kauri kuma ya fi guntu, a cikin herbivores, ya fi siriri kuma ya fi tsayi;
- Kafafu guda 3, kashi biyu ko uku.
Wasu mutane suna da fuka-fuki, wasu ba su da. Kwayoyin gado suna da gland a cikinsu waɗanda ke ɓoye wani ruwa mai ƙamshi mai ƙamshi wanda ke zama garkuwa daga kwari. Suna tashi, suna tsalle daga shuka zuwa shuka, wasu na iya yin iyo.
Haihuwa, haɓakawa da tsawon rayuwa
A cikin hunturu, ƙwayoyin garkuwa suna cikin busassun zuriyar dabbobi. A cikin bazara, lokacin da ciyayi suka bayyana, suna ciyarwa kuma suna samun ƙarfi don fara jima'i.
Abinci
An kasu ƙwaro zuwa nau'i uku bisa ga abubuwan da ake so: ciyar da ruwan tsiro, nau'in cin nama da nau'in gauraye, ciyar da duka kwari da ruwan tsiro. Kwaron da ke ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ana rarraba su azaman kwari na lambu. Dangane da nau'in, suna ciyarwa akan:
- amfanin gona na hatsi;
- tsire-tsire daga dangin nightshade;
- cruciferous;
- berries;
- ciyawa;
- ciyawa fodder;
- cutar da amfanin gona na laima;
- bishiyoyi.
Ana daukar nau'in dabbobi masu cin nama na gadon kwari kamar kwari masu amfani. Suna lalata kwari, qwai da tsutsa.
Wurin zama na kwari masu wari
Kwarorin garkuwa suna rayuwa a duk faɗin duniya. Akwai da yawa daga cikin waɗannan kwari a Turai, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Arewa da Kudancin Amurka, Afirka. Wasu nau'ikan suna rayuwa har ma a yankunan arewa. Yawancin nau'ikan suna rayuwa ne a cikin yanayin wurare masu zafi.
A Rasha, ana samun kwari masu garkuwa a yankin Turai, a cikin Crimea, a Asiya har ma a wasu yankuna na Siberiya.
Iri-iri na kwari masu wari
Shchitniks na nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban sun bambanta da launi na jiki, girman da abin da suke ci. Wasu daga cikinsu kwari ne na tsire-tsire, waɗanda, tare da mamayewa mai yawa, na iya lalata amfanin gona gaba ɗaya.
Amfani da illolin wari akan rukunin yanar gizon
Garkuwa da kwari da ke zaune akan tsire-tsire da ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace suna cutar da su.
Masu ƙwari masu wari suna da fa'ida, suna lalata kwari masu cutarwa da tsutsansu da ke rayuwa a kan tsirrai.
Shin kwari masu wari suna da haɗari ga mutane
Kwaron da ke zaune a kan tsire-tsire ba sa haifar da haɗari ga mutane. Proboscis da suke huda tsire-tsire da shi yana da laushi kuma ba zai iya huda fatar mutum ba.
Kwayoyin lambu suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Proboscis don huda mai tushe da ganyen shuke-shuke yana da laushi, kuma ba zai iya huda fatar mutum ba.
A cikin kwari a cikin cephalothorax akwai gland da ke fitar da takamaiman wari wanda suke gane danginsu kuma suna jawo hankalin abokin tarayya don saduwa da juna. Idan akwai haɗari, wari mai ban sha'awa yana aiki don tsoratar da abokan gaba, ga wasu kwari zai iya zama guba kuma yana haifar da spasms, gurgujewa har ma da mutuwa.
Kuna iya kawar da ƙamshin ƙamshi daga saman idan kun wanke shi sosai tare da kayan wankewa. Wanke tufafin da mutumin yake sawa a lokacin saduwa da kwari ta hanyar amfani da kayan laushi ko kuma kurkura a cikin ruwan vinegar.
Yadda kwari ke shiga gidan
Yawancin lokaci, kwatsam, kwari masu wari suna shiga cikin gidan, wasu dalilai masu yuwuwar shiga cikin dakin:
- zai iya tashi zuwa cikin bude taga;
- samu daga titi tare da kayan lambu, ganye ko furanni;
- a cikin bala'o'i a wuraren zama, wannan na iya zama saboda wuta, guguwa ko ambaliya.
Kwarin daya ba zai yi illa sosai ba. Ana iya kama shi kuma a aika zuwa titi. Idan garkuwar kwari, bayan shiga cikin dakin, ya zauna a cikin furanni na cikin gida kuma ya cutar da su, to, kuna buƙatar amfani da hanyoyin da ake samuwa na sarrafawa.
Hanyoyin magance kwari a cikin gida da kan shafin
Ana iya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don sarrafa kwari. Ya dogara da yanayi. A wasu lokuta, yin amfani da sinadarai ba shi da amfani, tun da suna da wani lokaci na inganci, kuma bayan sarrafawa, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa ba za su dace da abinci ba. A irin waɗannan lokuta, zaka iya amfani da hanyar inji ko magungunan jama'a.
Chemical
Dole ne a kula sosai wajen yin amfani da sinadarai don maganin kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da hatsi, tun da mahadi masu guba na iya taruwa a cikin tsire-tsire da cikin ƙasa. Yi hankali musamman lokacin fure, samar da 'ya'yan itace da kuma kafin girbi. Wasu kwayoyi sun tabbatar da kansu da kyau a cikin yaki da kwari masu wari.
Hanyoyin sarrafa halittu
A cikin duniya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mutane da yawa suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da hanyoyin nazarin halittu don kare tsire-tsire daga kwari. Don wannan dalili, ana amfani da samfuran halitta ko wasu kwari masu lalata kwari.
Don lalata kwaro mai wari, ana amfani da wani parasite mai suna trissolcus.
Yana lalata ƙwai na kwaro kuma yana rage adadinsa sosai. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin sun fi amfani da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kayan lambu a cikin greenhouses. Ana amfani da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu don makirci na sirri.
Girke-girke jama'a
Kwaron gado yana fitowa daga wuraren buyayyar su a cikin bazara lokacin da harbe-harbe suka bayyana. Suna sanya ƙwai a kan ganyen ciyayi kuma suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Bayan wani lokaci, tsutsa masu banƙyama suna fitowa daga ƙwai kuma suna cutar da tsire-tsire. Magungunan gargajiya don yaƙar kwari masu wari suna da alaƙa da muhalli kuma ana iya amfani da su daga lokacin da shuka ya bayyana har zuwa girbi.
Don magance kwari, ana amfani da irin waɗannan magungunan jama'a /
Tafarnuwa | Ana diluted foda na tafarnuwa a cikin ruwa. Ɗauki cokali 1 a kowace lita 4, haɗuwa da sarrafa shuka. |
Jiko na kwasfa albasa | 200 grams na kwasfa albasa an zuba tare da 1 lita na ruwan zãfi, nace a rana daya, tace. Ana kawo jiko da aka gama zuwa lita 10 ta hanyar ƙara adadin ruwan da ya dace kuma ana bi da tsire-tsire ta ganye da ganye. |
Mustard foda | Ana zuba gram 100 na busasshen garin mustard a cikin lita 1 na ruwan zafi, a zuba wani lita 9 na ruwa a gauraya sannan a fesa shuka. |
decoctions na ganye | Ana amfani da decoction na wormwood, cloves, barkono ja don mamaye kwaro. |
Black cohosh | An dasa shukar cohosh baƙar fata a kusa da kewayen filin, yana korar kwaro daga tsire-tsire. |
Rigakafin bayyanar kwari masu wari
Matakan rigakafin za su taimaka wajen rage yawan kwari masu wari a shafin. Kammala wasu nau'ikan aiki akan lokaci da bin wasu dokoki zasu taimaka kare amfanin gona daga kwari:
- Kwayoyin gado suna sa ƙwai akan ganyen ciyawa. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne a shuka amfanin gona a kan lokaci kuma a cire ciyawa daga gadaje.
- Kula da tsire-tsire masu dacewa: shayarwa, takin gargajiya, sassauta ƙasa, zai haɓaka rigakafi da juriya ga harin kwaro.
- Dasa a kusa da gadaje na shuke-shuke da za su tsoratar da kwari.
- Ana cire irin waɗannan tsire-tsire daga shafin: jakar makiyayi, hiccups, colza. Suna jan hankalin kwaro.
- Tsire-tsire daga dangin cruciferous ana girbe su kuma ana kona su.
A farkon bayyanar kwari masu wari akan rukunin yanar gizon, ana aiwatar da rigakafin rigakafin tsire-tsire don hana yawan bayyanar kwari.
A baya