Leafworm caterpillar: nau'ikan kwari iri 13 da hanyoyin kayar da ita
Kowane mazaunin bazara ko mai lambu aƙalla sau ɗaya ya gamu da ganyen da aka birgima a cikin bututu akan bishiyar 'ya'yan itace ko ciyayi, waɗanda ƙananan caterpillars ke ɓoye. Bayyanar irin wannan ganye yana nuna cewa daya daga cikin kwari mafi haɗari, leafworm, ya bayyana a wurin.
Abubuwa
Leaf rollers: hoton malam buɗe ido da caterpillar
name: leaf rollers
Yaren Latin:Tortricidae ko OletreutidaeClass Kwari - kwari
Kama: Lepidoptera - Lepidoptera Iyali: Leaf rollers - Tortricidae
 | Wuraren zama: | a ko'ina |
 | Ayyukan: | caterpillars suna ciyar da kusan dukkanin sassan tsire-tsire |
 | Amfani ko cutarwa: | kwari na itatuwan 'ya'yan itace da wasu conifers |
Bayanin kwari
Leaflet mai girma.
Leafworms iyali ne na ƙananan malam buɗe ido. Tsawon fikafikan kwarin bai wuce santimita 2,5 ba. Tsawon jikin asu ya kai kusan cm 2, kuma dukkan samansa an rufe shi da gashi da yawa.
Launi fuka-fuki na iya bambanta dangane da nau'ikan nau'ikan kuma suna da launukan zaitun da launin toka-launin toka. A saman babban launi a kan fuka-fuki, ana iya samun aibobi masu haske da ratsi na launuka daban-daban. Launi na gaba biyu na fuka-fuki koyaushe yana da inuwa mai duhu fiye da na baya.
Form Fuka-fukan malam buɗe ido suna da yawa masu triangular ko trapezoidal. Lokacin nadawa, ba a shirya fikafikan leafworms a tsaye, kamar yawancin malam buɗe ido, amma a kwance.
Ta hanyar rayuwa, leafworm na cikin kwari ne na dare. Da rana, asu yakan sami mafaka ya zauna a can har duhu.
Zagayen ci gaban malam buɗe ido
Kamar sauran odar Lepidoptera, tsutsotsin leafworm na wucewa ta matakai da yawa akan hanyar zuwa cikakkiyar balaga.
Manyan nau'ikan leaflets
Iyalin wadannan asu suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan sama da dubu 10 da ake iya samu a kusan kowane lungu na duniya. A cikin ƙasar Rasha, 13 daga cikin nau'ikan da aka fi sani da su suna haifar da mummunar barazana ga tsire-tsire.
Wani fasali na musamman na malam buɗe ido na wannan nau'in shine launin rawaya-fari akan fikafikan gaba. Suna lalata amfanin gona irin su peach, apple, pear, plum, ceri, apricot, ceri da rasberi.
A kan fuka-fuki na gaba na malam buɗe ido akwai raƙuman haske na halayen halayen, kazalika da ɗigon rawaya da shuɗi. Ganyen itacen inabi yana cutar da inabi, amma yana iya lalata apples, pears, plums, da peaches.
An fentin fuka-fukan asu mai duhu launin toka mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa kuma suna da siffa ta sirara, ratsan fari. Peach, Quince, pear, plum, apricot, medlar, cotoneaster da itacen apple sun zama wadanda ke fama da tsutsotsi na gabas.
Launi na gaban fuka-fuki na kwari shine launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan duhu, dangane da jima'i. A saman fuka-fukan akwai launin rawaya ko ja. Baya ga itatuwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin lambuna, irin wannan nau'in tsutsotsi na ganye yana cutar da ceri tsuntsaye, ash tsaunin dutse, hawthorn, cotoneaster, hazel da sauran bishiyoyi masu kauri.
Fentin fuka-fukan malam buɗe ido ana fentin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ba tare da bayyananniyar tsari ba. Kwaro yana haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga amfanin gona, yana lalata 'ya'yan itacen peach, plum, pear, apple da apricot.
Babban launi na fuka-fuki na asu shine launin toka mai duhu. A samansa, ana amfani da ƙirar ƙira a cikin nau'i na ratsi masu karkata, na inuwa mai haske. Larvae na kwari yana lalata 'ya'yan itacen peach, pear da apple apple.
Launin fuka-fuki na asu shine kore mai haske ko rawaya-kore. Caterpillars suna cin ganyen Birch, Maple, oak, hornbeam, beech, da apple, pear, peach da apricot.
Fuka-fukan gaba na malam buɗe ido suna da launin ruwan kasa, mai launin shuɗi. Kwarin yana cutar da plums, apricots, ceri plums, peaches, itacen apple, pears, cherries, wardi na daji da hawthorns.
Babban fasalin asu shine haske, launin shuɗi-launin toka na kusurwar waje na fikafikan gaba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari tsutsa suna haifar da lalacewa ga plum, apricot, apple, pear, ceri plum, dutse ash, ceri da hawthorn.
Launin fuka-fuki na asu yana bambanta da launin rawaya ko launin zinari mai ɗimbin yawa, tare da ɗan ƙaramin koren kore. Caterpillars na wannan nau'in yana haifar da babban lalacewar inabi, amma kuma suna cin ganyayyaki na plums, pears, cherries, blackberries, strawberries da sauran tsire-tsire.
Fuka-fuki na gaba na wannan nau'in suna launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ko orange-rawaya. Caterpillars suna lalata ganyen currants, raspberries, bishiyar apple, peaches da sauran amfanin gona.
Launin fuka-fuki yana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko rawaya ocher, tare da nau'in ja-launin ruwan kasa. Kwarin yana cutar da bishiyoyin apple, pears, raspberries, currants, cherries, plums da wardi.
Launi na fuka-fuki na gaba a cikin maza da mata ya bambanta sosai. Fuka-fukan maza suna fentin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ba tare da wani tsari ba, kuma fuka-fukan mata suna da launin toka mai haske, mai haske, wanda aka yi wa ado tare da wasu nau'in launin ruwan kasa. Abincin larvae na wannan leafworm ya ƙunshi itatuwan apple, pears, gooseberries, currants da raspberries.
Menene illar takardun shaida
Babban lalacewa a cikin lambuna da lambunan gonaki na faruwa ne ta hanyar tsutsotsi na leafworm. Suna cin sassa daban-daban na bishiyar ’ya’yan itace da ’ya’yan itacen ’ya’yan itace, wanda hakan ke haifar da rashin dacewa da amfanin gona da raunana garkuwar shuka. A cikin tsarin ciyarwa, caterpillars suna iya lalata:
- ganye;
- 'ya'yan itace;
- kodan;
- inflorescences.
Leaflets - babban dalilin bayyanar cobwebs a kan itacen apple.
Hanyoyin sarrafa ganye
Babban hanyoyin magance tsutsotsi na leafworm, kamar yadda yake a cikin sauran nau'ikan butterflies masu cutarwa, sun kasu kashi da yawa: inji, ilimin halitta, sinadarai da jama'a.
Hanyoyin inji
Daga cikin hanyoyin injina na magance tsutsotsin leafworm akwai matakan kamar haka:
- tattara caterpillars daga bushes da bishiyoyi da hannu;
Tarko bel.
- girgiza kwari daga rassan;
- shigar da bel na farauta da tarko na musamman akan bishiyoyi.
Hanyoyin Halittu
Hanyoyin nazarin halittu na mu'amala da caterpillars tsutsotsi shine don jawo hankalin abokan gaba na kwari zuwa wurin. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
- lace tsutsa;
- kisa beetles;
- tsuntsaye iri-iri.
Sinadaran
Lalacewar kwari tare da taimakon sinadarai ita ce hanya mafi inganci. Ya kamata a gudanar da maganin kashe kwari ba kawai a kan tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta ba, har ma a kan yankin dukan lambun ko gidan rani. Wannan ya faru ne saboda iyawar caterpillars da leafworm pupae don motsawa mai nisa.
Daga cikin kewayon sunadarai, a cikin yaƙi da leafworm, sun tabbatar da kansu a hanya mafi kyau:
- Alatar;
- Fufanon;
- Karbofos;
- Dursban;
- Zarra;
- Saukowa
Girke-girke jama'a
Ga waɗanda ba sa son amfani da sinadarai a rukunin yanar gizon su, akwai ingantattun hanyoyin jama'a da yawa don magance tsutsotsin ganye.
| Jiko na tsutsa | Ya dace da duka sabo da busassun ganye. Lokacin amfani da sabon wormwood, za ku buƙaci kimanin ½ guga na yankakken ganye. Game da busasshen tsutsotsi, dole ne a yi amfani da g 700-800. Da farko, ana zuba tsutsotsi a cikin lita 10 na ruwa kuma a bar shi ya shafe tsawon sa'o'i 48. Sakamakon tincture ya kamata a tafasa don minti 30 akan zafi kadan. Bayan sanyaya, damuwa da ƙara ruwa a cikin irin wannan ƙarar don samun lita 10 na broth da aka gama. Kafin amfani, samfurin yana sake diluted da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1: 1. |
| Tincture na taba | Don dafa abinci, kuna buƙatar shag ko ƙurar taba a cikin adadin 0,5 kg. Ana zuba taba da guga na ruwan zafi a zuba na tsawon awanni 48. Lokacin da tincture ya shirya, wajibi ne a zubar da shi tare da gauze da kuma matsi da cake da kyau. Wani guga na ruwa da 100 g na grated ko sabulu na ruwa ana ƙara zuwa tincture na taba. |
| Tincture dankali | Don tincture, kuna buƙatar kilogiram 4 na saman kore ko 2 kilogiram na bushe. Idan saman sabo ne, to ya kamata a yanka su da kyau kafin amfani. Dole ne a cika saman da aka shirya da guga na ruwan dumi kuma a bar shi tsawon sa'o'i 3-4. Sakamakon tincture dole ne a tace kuma ƙara 40 g na sabulu. |
Matakan hanyoyin kariya
Ayyukan noma da suka dace da matakan rigakafi na yau da kullun suna da matukar mahimmanci don kada tsire-tsire a cikin lambun su zama wanda aka azabtar da ganye. Ayyukan da zasu biyo baya zasu taimaka wajen kula da lafiya da ƙaƙƙarfan rigakafi na itatuwan 'ya'yan itace da berries na berries:
- watering akan lokaci, weeding, pruning da ciyar da tsire-tsire;
- sassauta ƙasa na yau da kullun kusa da da'irar gangar jikin;
- yau da kullum tsaftacewa na faɗuwar ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- tsaftacewa na shekara-shekara da farar fata na haushi a kan gangar jikin da rassan kwarangwal;
- maganin rigakafi tare da jan karfe sulfate ko ruwa Bordeaux.
ƙarshe
Ganyen tsutsotsin asu ne mai hatsarin gaske wanda zai iya lalata 'ya'yan itatuwa da lafiyar shuka. Yin kawar da babban adadin kwari na iya zama da wahala sosai, don haka yakamata ku aiwatar da rigakafi akai-akai kuma ku fara sarrafa kwaro a kan kari.
A baya