Tushen hatsi: ta yaya da abin da ke cutar da launin toka da na kowa
Ba shi yiwuwa a kwatanta mahimmancin amfanin gona ga mutane. Su ne muhimmin sashi na kasuwanci. Kowace shekara ana jiran girbin alkama, hatsin rai, sha'ir, gero, hatsi. Duk da haka, rundunonin soja na iya lalata waɗannan amfanin gona.
Abubuwa
Menene tsinken hatsi yayi kama: hoto
Bayanin tsinken hatsi
name: Ganyen hatsi (launin toka da na kowa)
Yaren Latin: Apamea iri-iriClass Kwari - Kwari
Kama: Lepidoptera - Lepidoptera
Iyali: Owls - Noctuidae
 | Wuraren zama: | a duk faɗin duniya |
 | Mai haɗari ga: | perennial ganye |
 | Hanyar halaka: | jama'a, sunadarai da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu |
| bayyanar malam buɗe ido | Butterfly launin toka. Tsawon fuka-fukan yana daga 3,2 cm zuwa 4,2 cm. Yana da fuka-fukan gaba masu launin toka-launin toka tare da layin dogon baƙar fata a gindi. Hindwings suna da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Jiki tare da tabo masu siffar zagaye da koda. |
| Yaya kwai yayi kama? | Kwai masu haske rawaya. Da farko, suna da launin lu'u-lu'u. Suna da siffar lebur tare da radial 34-36. A micropylar rosette ya ƙunshi ruwan wukake 14 zuwa 16. Kwai mai diamita na 0,48 zuwa 0,52 mm. Tsawo daga 0,35 zuwa 0,37 mm. |
| Bayyanar caterpillars | Katar ba ta da warts. Launi shine launin toka-launin toka tare da kai ja. An rufe cuticle da gashi. Ƙafafun ƙafar ƙarya suna da m tare da ƙugiya 11. An taimaka mata ta motsa da ƙafafu biyu na pectoral ƙafa da ƙafa 3 na karya. Babban caterpillar ya kai cm 5. |
| Baby doll | Pupa ja-ja-jaja. Bangarorin ciki uku na farko suna da folds folds da ƙananan huda. |
Habitat
Danganin hatsi yana rayuwa a duk ƙasashe na tsohuwar USSR. An lura da haifuwar taro a Kazakhstan, Western Siberiya, Trans-Urals. Ya fi zama yankin dajin-steppe. Tundra wuri ne da babu kwari.
Musamman aiki haifuwa ya kasance a cikin 1956 - 1960 a arewa maso gabashin Kazakhstan, Western Siberiya, Urals, da Volga yankin. Akwai har zuwa 1 caterpillars a kowace murabba'in mita 300.
Salon
Mujiya hatsi.
Yanayin tashi yana shafar lokutan tashi. A yanayin zafi mai zafi, ana iya ganin su a cikin watan Yuni, a yanayin zafi kadan da ruwan sama - ba a farkon Yuli ba. Owls su ne malam buɗe ido. Ana lura da aiki a cikin lokacin 22: 00-2: 00. Dare mai dumi da duhu shine lokaci mafi kyau ga asu.
Da fitowar alfijir, sun daina ci suna shawagi. A yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri 15 zafi ya zama ƙasa da aiki. Fuka-fuka masu tasowa suna ba da damar shawo kan nesa mai nisa. A cikin rana suna ɓoye a cikin ganye, lumps na ƙasa, crevices.
Haihuwa da zagayowar rayuwa
Cutworm na hatsi gama gari masonry yana da mahimmanci a ɓangaren waje na shuka - ƙafafu na spikelets, ganyen alkama da hatsin rai.
Grey Mujiya sanyi sosai. Yana jure wa ƙananan yanayin zafi sosai. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da 10, caterpillar yana taurare, amma ba ya mutuwa. Lokacin da narke, ya sake zuwa rayuwa.
Yawan haihuwa na mata yana shafar yanayin zafi da zafi. Tsananin fari yana taimakawa wajen raguwar kwai. A yanayin zafi da ya kai ma’aunin Celsius 18 a yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje, an gano cewa mace daya ta yi kwai 95. A 25 digiri - 285 guda. Ɗayan kama ya ƙunshi ƙwai 3 zuwa 60. A matsakaita - 25. Ana kiyaye ƙwai da fim na furen.
Yanayin yanki na yankin shima yana tasiri sosai. A cikin yankuna masu fama da bushewa, ana samun adadi mai yawa na bakarare. A yankin arewa, ana samun kwai har 1300 kowace mace.
Ana yin kwanciya da dare har tsawon wata guda. A cikin nau'in launin toka, wuraren gine-ginen su ne alkama, hatsin rai, ciyawa, da kuma wani lokacin sha'ir. Ana sanya mace a kunne, ta runtse kan ta ƙasa, tana tura spikelets baya. Ana sanya ƙwai a cikin sikelin furanni da spikelet. Masonry yana tare da motsin fuka-fuki masu girgiza.
Bugu da ari, caterpillars suna samun wurare daban-daban don kansu akan kunne kuma suna ciyar da kansu. A cikin kwanaki 5-7 sun bushe. Hatsi da aka lalace yana da ɗan ƙaramin harsashi. Caterpillar yana tasowa na dogon lokaci. Molting yana faruwa sau 7. An ƙayyade shekarun caterpillar da nisa na kai.
Farkawa yana faruwa lokacin da zafin ƙasa bai ƙasa da digiri 5 na ma'aunin celcius ba. Caterpillars da suka ciyar a cikin fall ana cin su a cikin bazara na kwanaki 10 zuwa 15. Mutane masu rauni suna ci gaba da cin abinci har tsawon wata guda. Bayan wannan, lokacin pupation yana farawa.
Wannan tsari yana ɗaukar kwanaki 20 zuwa 30. Ana iya samun chrysalis na farko a farkon watan Mayu. Cold spring yana nufin jinkirta wa'adin zuwa 20 ga Yuni. Earing na spring alkama da kuma tsawon kwanciya qwai taimakawa wajen m kamuwa da cuta na amfanin gona.
Kowane zamani yana da halinsa. A cikin shekaru na biyu akwai canji zuwa wani hatsi. A lokacin da suke da shekaru huɗu, sukan ƙwanƙwasa hatsi daga waje. An fara daga shekaru biyar, ana nuna aiki kawai da dare. A cikin duka, caterpillars suna da shekaru 8.
Muhimmancin tattalin arziki
Caterpillars suna cin alkama, hatsin rai, sha'ir, hatsi, hatsi, masara. Ciyawa na shekara-shekara na lalacewa - gaggawa gashi da ciyawa. Suna cinye ruwa mai sukari a cikin spikelets.
Yadda ake mu'amala da tsinken hatsi
Dankalin hatsi makiyi ne mai haɗari wanda ke shafar amfanin gona da yawa kuma yana iya hana amfanin gona. Ita ko a ma'aunin masana'antu za ta iya cin hannun jarin hatsi. Akwai hanyoyi da dama na gwagwarmaya da dole ne a yi amfani da su.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa na Agrotechnical
Don hana bayyanar kwari, dole ne ku:
- girbi a kan lokaci;
- kwasfa da yin noma da wuri;
- sarrafa amfanin gona tsakanin layuka;
- zaɓi mafi kyawun kwanakin shuka da nau'in alkama mai jurewa;
- tsaftace hatsi a cikin ajiya.
Hanyoyin sinadarai da halittu
Hanyoyi na gari
Kyakkyawan sakamako yana nuna decoction na wormwood. An zuba 1 kg a cikin akwati tare da lita 3 na ruwa kuma a dafa shi na minti 20. Tsire-tsire suna pollinated tare da bayani. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara kilo 4 na ganyen tumatir zuwa lita 10 na ruwa. Tafasa minti 30. Tace da tsari.
Bi hanyar haɗin don matakai 6 masu aiki. mujiya fada.
ƙarshe
Yana da matukar mahimmanci don adana amfanin gona na hatsi. Tare da taimakon hanyoyin agrotechnical, ana iya hana mamayewar sojojin tsutsotsi. Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin bayyanar kwari, nan da nan suka fara yakin a daya daga cikin hanyoyin da ke sama.
A baya