Menene tsoron mite mai launin toka: menene hatsarin da ke bayan launi mara kyau

Ixodid kaska wane irin parasite ne

Waɗannan kwari ne na dangin arthropod Ixodidae. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da babban matakin parasitism da tsarin jiki mai kama da yawancin kaska.

Siffar da tsarin jikin m

Kwaro mai yunwa yana kama da gizo-gizo. Jiki yana da siffar oval, an rufe shi da harsashi mai tsanani na chitinous, wanda ke hana lalacewa. Launi ya bambanta daga ja zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, madaidaicin ƙwayar cuta yana samun tint mai launin toka.

Siffar jiki yana da m, babba yana da nau'i-nau'i 4 na kafafu masu tsayi. Tsawon jikin yana daga 1 zuwa 4 mm. Bayan shan jini, kaska yana ƙaruwa da girman da kusan 10 mm. Mata sun fi maza girma.

Tsarin rayuwa

Tsarin rayuwa na parasites ya haɗa da matakai masu yawa na ci gaba: kwai, tsutsa, nymph, babba. Kwarin ya fara parasitize har ma a matakin tsutsa - a wannan lokacin, rodents da tsuntsaye sun zama wadanda ke fama da shi.

Don matsawa zuwa kowane sabon mataki, kaska yana buƙatar abinci, bayan haka molting yana faruwa.

Baligi (imago) shine kaska balagagge ta jima'i; a wannan mataki na haɓaka, ƙwayoyin cuta suna ƙaruwa sosai. Duk tsawon rayuwar kaska na iya ɗaukar shekaru 3-4, a wasu lokuta har zuwa shekaru 8.

A karkashin yanayi mara kyau, kwaro ya fada cikin raye-rayen da aka dakatar, wanda zai iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa, bayan haka kwarin ya farka kuma ya ci gaba da ayyukan rayuwarsa.

Iri

Akwai nau'ikan ixodid da yawa. Al'ada ce a raba su bisa ga ka'idoji masu zuwa:

Wurin zama na parasites

Lokaci kololuwa

Ya kamata a ji tsoron hare-haren kaska duk shekara. Akwai lokuta lokacin da kaska ixodid ya zube a cikin hay, kuma lokacin da ake amfani da wannan ciyawa don gadon kare, ya farka ya ciji dabbar. Sau da yawa ana samun ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin narkakken faci a sama da gidajen wuta.

Ƙimar yanayi a cikin ayyukan kaska yana faruwa a ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu.

Kwarin yana buƙatar ƙasa don dumi zuwa zafin jiki na +3-5 digiri, kuma zafin iska ya kai matsakaicin alamar yau da kullun na +10 digiri. Ana yin rikodin matsakaicin adadin cizon daga Mayu zuwa Yuni.

A cikin lokacin zafi mai zafi, aikin su yana raguwa, duk da haka, idan kaska yana cikin ciyawa mai laushi kuma a cikin inuwa, yana jin dadi sosai. A lokacin rani, ƙwayar cuta ta fi aiki da safe da maraice. Lokacin da yanayi ya bushe sosai kuma a cikin ruwan sama, suna ɓoyewa. Ayyukan kwaro suna raguwa ne kawai a ƙarshen Satumba.

Wanda ke ɗauke da ticks masu launin toka

Mutane suna ba da gudummawa wajen yaduwar kaska. Sau da yawa mutane suna kawo ƙwayoyin cuta a kan tufafi da takalma, a cikin kwanduna na namomin kaza da bouquets na furannin daji. A m iya zuwa rani gida gida tare da hay, ciyawa, spruce rassan.

Dabbobin gida suna karban kaska suna kawo su cikin gida akan gashin gashinsu. Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin cuta suna ɗauke da berayen, kurege, tsuntsaye. An san cewa yawancin mites suna ɓoye a cikin allura na shinge.

Menene haɗarin cizon m

Babban hatsarin kaska shine ikonsa na ɗaukar cututtuka masu haɗari waɗanda ke haifar da nakasa da mutuwar mutane da dabbobi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin cuta suna da wuyar gaske kuma suna iya rayuwa har tsawon shekaru.

Don mutum

Ga mutum, cututtukan da ke haifar da kaska sun fi muni:

• encephalitis;
• borreliosis (cutar Lyme);
• ciwon jini;
• typhus da zazzabi mai sake dawowa.

Ga dabbobi

Dabbobi kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka masu ɗauke da kaska:

• piroplasmosis;
• erlichiosis;
• anaplasmosis.

Hanyoyin magance kwari

Ana amfani da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban don yaƙar Yesodidae. Dukansu sun bambanta ta hanyar saki da kuma hanyar aikace-aikace.

Acaricides

Shirye-shiryen acarcidal ba wai kawai tsoratarwa ba ne, amma kuma suna lalata ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar rinjayar tsarin su. Daga cikin shahararrun magunguna masu tasiri:

Kayayyakin kare dabbobi

Don kare dabbobin gida, ana amfani da magungunan da ke da tasirin lamba. Lokacin zabar magani, ya kamata ku yi la'akari da shekaru, nauyi, nau'in da lafiyar dabbar. Magunguna masu zuwa sun fi tasiri:

Matakan kariya da rigakafi

Ba kowane kaska ke kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari ba, amma ba shi yiwuwa a tantance wannan "da ido" kuma haɗarin kamuwa da cuta zai kasance koyaushe.

Yadda zaka kare kanka daga kaska

Domin kare kanku gwargwadon iyawa daga hare-haren parasites da kamuwa da cututtukan da suke ɗauke da su, dole ne ku:

• yin rigakafin rigakafi daga cutar sankarau mai ɗauke da kaska: za ku iya yin hakan kyauta a kowane asibiti ko cibiyar kiwon lafiya masu zaman kansu;
• lokacin tafiya a wurare masu haɗari masu haɗari, zaɓi tufafin da suka dace: ya kamata ya kasance na inuwa mai haske (ta haka yana da sauƙi don gano kaska); sanya wando a cikin safa da takalma, da jaket a cikin wando; tabbatar da kare kai da gyale ko hula;
• yi amfani da magungunan kashe kwari - bi da tufafi da fata tare da su, idan an yarda da umarnin;
• kowane minti 30 na tafiya, bincika jiki da tufafi don kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta a kansa;
• lokacin dawowa gida, kafin shiga cikin ɗakin, sake duba tufafi da dabbobin gida;
• a hankali duba abubuwan da aka kawo daga gandun daji: furanni, ciyawa, kwanduna.

Abin da za a yi bayan cizon kaska

Dole ne a cire abin da aka makala da shi da wuri-wuri. Kadan lokacin da kwari ke kashewa akan mutum, yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Don wannan, ana bada shawarar zuwa dakin gaggawa.

Don cirewar kai, kayan aiki na musamman ("klescheder"), tweezers mai lankwasa, zaren ya dace.

Idan babu ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke sama, to, zaku iya amfani da tweezers na kwaskwarima na yau da kullun. Algorithm na ayyuka shine kamar haka:

• shirya bututun gwaji ko wani akwati a cikin murfi da aka rufe sosai;
• sanya safar hannu na roba na likita;
• kama kwayar cutar kamar yadda zai yiwu zuwa wurin cizon;
• a hankali gungura shi a kowace hanya kuma a cire a hankali;
• bi da wurin cizon tare da maganin antiseptik;
• sanya kaska a cikin akwati kuma aika shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike cikin sa'o'i 48.

Idan kai ko proboscis na kaska ya tsage, za a iya ganin ɗigon baƙar fata a tsakiyar wurin cizon. A wannan yanayin, ya zama dole don karimci bi da rauni tare da aidin kuma jira ƙin yarda da jikin waje.

Idan bayan dan lokaci akwai kumburi, fata ta canza launi, ya kamata ku sanar da likita nan da nan.

Bayan cizon kaska, kuna buƙatar kula da lafiyar ku a hankali. Idan alamu masu ban tsoro sun bayyana, kamar zazzabi, ciwon kai, ciwon gabobin jiki, ya kamata ku tuntuɓi wurin likita da wuri-wuri kuma ku ba da rahoton cewa an sami cizon kaska.

Rigakafin gaggawa na ƙwayar cuta mai ɗauke da kaska

Ana yin rigakafin gaggawa na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta kaska tare da taimakon immunoglobulin ko magungunan rigakafi. Shawarar game da buƙatar rigakafin gaggawa, zaɓin miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma yawan lokacin gudanar da shi ana yin shi ne kawai ta likita.