Marubuci irin ƙwaro: ƙwayar ƙwaro mai lalata hectare na gandun daji na spruce
Mawallafin typographer baƙar ƙwaro yana ɗaya daga cikin kwari mafi haɗari a cikin danginsa. Yana zaune a mafi yawan Eurasia kuma yana shafar gandun daji na spruce. Domin gina jiki da haifuwa, yana zaɓar bishiyoyi masu matsakaici da manyan diamita.
Marubuci irin ƙwaro: hoto
Bayanin ƙwaro
name: Mawallafin haushi irin ƙwaro ko babban ƙwayar spruce haushi irin ƙwaro
Yaren Latin: Ips typographusClass Kwari - Kwari
Kama: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
Iyali: Weevils - Curculionidae
 | Wuraren zama: | spruce gandun daji |
 | Mai haɗari ga: | matasa da raunana saukowa |
 | Hanyar halaka: | fasahar noma, koto, yanke tsafta |
Marubucin rubutu ko babban ƙwaro na spruce ɗan ƙwaro ne mai duhu duhu mai haske, tsayinsa ya kai 4,2-5,5 mm, an rufe shi da gashi. Akwai wani katon tubercle a goshi, a karshen jiki akwai wurin hutu da ake kira wheelbarrow, a gefensa akwai hakora biyu biyu.
Watsawa
A Yammacin Turai, yana da yawa a Faransa, Sweden, Finland, ana kuma samuwa a Arewacin Italiya, Yugoslavia. Tare da haifuwa mai yawa, yana haifar da babban lahani ga gandun daji na spruce, musamman waɗanda aka raunana ta fari ko iska. Mawallafin rubutun yana zaune a Rasha:
- a yankin Turai na kasar;
- Siberiya;
- a Gabas Mai Nisa;
- Sakhalin;
- Caucasus;
- Kamchatka.
Sake bugun
Jirgin bazara yana farawa a watan Afrilu, lokacin da zafin jiki na ƙasa ya kai +10 digiri, a lokacin rani jirgin na beetles yana faruwa a watan Yuni-Yuli, kuma a cikin yankunan arewa - a watan Agusta-Satumba.
Namiji ya zaɓi bishiya, ya ratsa cikin bawon kuma ya gina ɗaki mai ɗaurin aure inda zai jawo mace ta hanyar sakin pheromones. Mace da aka haifa tana gina hanyoyin mahaifa guda 2-3, inda ta sanya ƙwai. Larvae masu tasowa suna yin layi ɗaya daidai da axis na bishiyar, a ƙarshensu akwai ciyayi pupal.
Maza a yankunan kudanci, makonni 3 bayan babban jirgin, sun sake yin ƙwai, kuma wata 'yar'uwa ta bayyana daga gare su. A cikin yankunan arewa, wannan nau'in ƙwaro na haushi yana da ƙarni ɗaya kawai a kowace shekara. Amma waɗannan alkaluma na iya bambanta dangane da tsarin zafin jiki.
Ƙananan beetles suna cin abinci a kan bast kuma suna yin ƙarin motsi don fita. Balaga na beetles yana ɗaukar makonni 2-3, kuma ya dogara da tsarin zafin jiki. Ci gaban ƙwayar ƙwaro yana da makonni 8-10, kuma 2 ƙarni na beetles suna bayyana a cikin shekara guda. Beetles na ƙarni na biyu overwinter a cikin haushi.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa
Marubuci da rayuwarsa.
Tsuntsayen haushin ƙwaro yana haifar da babbar illa ga gandun daji na spruce, don haka akwai ingantattun hanyoyin magance wannan kwaro.
- A cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzuka, ana aiwatar da tsaftacewa na yau da kullun na bishiyoyi marasa lafiya tare da lalacewa da haushi.
- Dubawa da kula da bishiyoyin da bawon ƙwaro ya shafa.
- Kwanciya baits daga bishiyar da aka yanke, waɗanda aka shimfiɗa a cikin kaka a cikin gandun daji. Bark beetles suna zaune a cikin waɗannan bishiyoyi, kuma bayan bayyanar larvae, ana tsabtace haushi, kuma mazaunan larvae sun mutu.
Idan akwai raunuka masu yawa ta ƙwanƙwasa haushi, ana ci gaba da yankan tsaftar tsafta, sannan a maido da su.
ƙarshe
Mawallafin haushin ƙwaro yana haifar da babbar illa ga gandun daji na spruce. A yankunan kasashe da dama, ana daukar matakan yaki da irin wannan ƙwaro na haushi. Kuma gaskiyar cewa gandun daji na spruce sun wanzu a duk faɗin duniya ya ce hanyoyin da ake bi da su suna ba da sakamako.
https://youtu.be/CeFCXKISuDQ
A baya