Menene ƙwaro mai ninkaya ke ci: macijin tsuntsayen ruwa
Lokacin da kuka ambaci beetles, ko dai kyawawan kwari waɗanda ke ciyar da furen fure ko Colorado dankalin turawa beetles waɗanda ke cin ganye akan ciyawar dankalin turawa suna zuwa hankali. Koyaya, bambance-bambancen tsarin Coleoptera yana da girma sosai cewa ana iya samun halittu masu ban mamaki da yawa a cikinsu. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan su ne masu ninkaya - beetles masu farauta waɗanda ke zaune a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Abubuwa
Yadda masu ninkaya suka yi kama: hoto
Wanene beetles masu iyo
name: Masu iyo
Yaren Latin: DytiscidaeClass Kwari - Kwari
Kama: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
 | Wuraren zama: | ruwa a tsaye, dausayi |
 | Mai haɗari ga: | kananan crustaceans, soya |
 | Hanyar halaka: | iyalai da dama suna buƙatar kariya |
Masu ninkaya babban iyali ne Zhukovda suke rayuwa a cikin ruwa daban-daban. Akwai wakilai daban-daban sama da 4000 na wannan iyali a duniya, kuma Kimanin nau'ikan masu ninkaya 300 ne aka samu a yankin kasar Rasha.
Bayyanawa da tsarin masu iyo
| siffar jiki | Masu ninkaya sun dace sosai da rayuwa ƙarƙashin ruwa. Jikinsu yana da lebur, tsayayyen siffa kuma kusan babu zaruruwa ko bristles a samansa, wanda hakan yana ƙara saurin motsinsu a cikin ginshiƙin ruwa. |
| Tsawo da launi | Tsawon jikin manya masu ninkaya a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban na iya zuwa daga 1 zuwa 50 mm. Launin jiki kusan koyaushe iri ɗaya ne kuma yana iya bambanta daga ja-launin ruwan kasa zuwa baki. A wasu nau'ikan, tabo da ratsi suna iya kasancewa a cikin launi, da kuma tagulla na saman jiki. |
| Ido da wuski | Idanun masu iyo suna a gefen kai. A wasu ƴan iyali, gaɓoɓin hangen nesa ba su da kyau sosai ko kuma sun ragu. Eriya na kwari suna da siffar filiform, sun ƙunshi sassa 11 kuma suna sama da idanu. |
| na'urar baka | Tunda masu ninkaya mafarauta ne, sassan bakinsu sun dace da cin abincin dabbobi. Mandibles na irin ƙwaro ba su da girma a tsayi, amma suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, wanda ke ba su damar sauƙin jimre wa soya, tadpoles da sauran ƙananan mazaunan tafki. |
| Liman | Ƙafafun gaba da tsakiya na ɗan wasan ninkaya gajeru ne kuma ba su dace da yin iyo ba. Biyu na baya na gabobin ninkaya ne ke da alhakin motsi a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Femurs da tibiae na waɗannan ƙafafu suna da tsayi da yawa kuma suna da yawa. Suna kuma da gashin gashi na musamman wanda ke taimaka wa kwari yin layi a karkashin ruwa. |
| Yawo | Duk da salon rayuwar da ke karkashin ruwa, yawancin masu ninkaya suna da fuka-fuki masu kyau, har ma suna amfani da su don zirga-zirga. Wannan ikon yana taimaka wa kwari su motsa tsakanin jikunan ruwa daban-daban. Sai kawai a cikin ƙananan nau'o'in nau'in, fuka-fuki masu tashi suna raguwa. |
Bambance-bambance tsakanin maza da mata
'Yan wasan ninkaya biyu.
A cikin kowane nau'in masu ninkaya, dimorphism na jima'i yana bayyana da kyau. Babban bambanci tsakanin maza da mata shine kasancewar masu shayarwa na musamman a gaban biyu na kafafu na maza. Suckers na iya bambanta da yawa a siffar da girmansu, amma manufar wannan sashin jiki koyaushe iri ɗaya ne - don riƙe mace yayin saduwa. A wasu nau'ikan masu ninkaya, za a iya samun wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin mutane na jinsi daban-daban:
- kasancewar na'urar stridulatory a cikin maza;
- daban-daban nau'i na tsuliya sternitis;
- ƙananan microsculpture akan pronotum da elytra na mace;
- kasancewar wani haske mai sheki a jikin namiji;
- launi daban-daban na elytra a cikin maza da mata.
Rayuwar masu iyo
A kusan dukkanin matakai na ci gaba, masu iyo suna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa, ban da pupae. Wadannan kwari suna jin daɗi a cikin ruwa daban-daban kuma sun koyi ba kawai don tsira a cikin irin wannan yanayi ba, har ma don farautar masu rauni mazaunan "mulkin karkashin ruwa".
Masu ninkaya ba su san yadda ake samun iskar oxygen daga ruwa ba, amma suna iya ɗaukar ƙaramin ajiyarsa a ƙarƙashin elytra ɗinsu.
Wuraren masu ninkaya suna a gefen sama na cikin ciki, wanda hakan ya sa ya fi dacewa su shiga cikin iska ba tare da yawo a saman ba. Don ɗaukar numfashi da sake cika kayayyaki, ya isa mai yin iyo ya sanya ƙarshen ciki na baya daga cikin ruwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Manya da larvae na masu iyo sune mafarauta kuma suna alfahari da sha'awar ci sosai. Abincinsu ya haɗa da ƙananan mazaunan ruwa:
- mazari tsutsa;
- kwarin gado;
- crustaceans;
- tsutsotsi;
- shellfish;
- tadpoles;
- kwadi;
- kifi caviar.
Masu ninkaya da kansu ma za su iya zama abincin abincin wani. Daga cikin dabbobin da suke ciyar da wadannan ƙwaro sun haɗa da:
- kifi;
- tsuntsayen ruwa;
- kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Masu ninkaya masu zafin gaske.
Matsugunin ruwa
Ana samun wakilan dangin masu iyo kusan a duk faɗin duniya, kuma fiye da nau'ikan endemic 100 suna zaune a Ostiraliya. Beetles na iya rayuwa a cikin nau'ikan ruwa iri-iri, kamar:
- koguna;
- tafkuna;
- maɓuɓɓugan ruwa;
- rates;
- magudanan ruwa;
- tafkunan wucin gadi;
- fadama;
- ramukan ban ruwa;
- maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.
Masu ninkaya sun fi son jikunan ruwa masu tsayuwa ko a hankali, amma wasu jinsuna suna jin daɗi har ma a cikin sauri, kogunan tsaunuka.
Darajar masu ninkaya a yanayi
Membobin dangin ninkaya na iya zama masu fa'ida da cutarwa. Alal misali, abincin wasu manyan nau'o'in ya ƙunshi ƙananan kifi da soya. A yayin da ake samun ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin adadin ƙwari, yawan kifin da yawa na iya zama barazana.
Dangane da fa'idar, akwai nau'ikan masu ninkaya da yawa waɗanda ke cinye tsutsa na kwari masu fuka-fukai biyu da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin nau'ikan da aka haɗa a cikin abincin waɗannan beetles sune masu ɗaukar kamuwa da cuta mai haɗari - zazzabin cizon sauro.
https://youtu.be/LQw_so-V0HM
ƙarshe
Masu iyo su ne dangi na musamman na beetles waɗanda suka yi nasarar cin nasara ba kawai sararin samaniya ba, har ma da duniyar karkashin ruwa. A cikin wasu ƙananan tafkunan ruwa, waɗannan beetles har ma sun sami damar mamaye manyan mafarauta. Wannan ya sake tabbatar da cewa yanayi yana iya da yawa.
A baya