Bombardier Beetles: ƙwararrun 'yan bindiga
Bombardier kwari an san su da iyawar bindigogi - suna harbi daga abokan gaba, ba gudu daga gare su ba. Wadannan halaye suna taimaka musu su kare kansu daga abokan gaba. Masana kimiyya sun dade suna nazarin tsarin da ba a saba gani ba na harbin kwari.
Abubuwa
Menene ƙwaro mai zura kwallaye kamar: hoto
Bayanin ƙwaro
name: Bombardier
Yaren Latin: BrachinusClass Kwari - Kwari
Kama: Coleoptera - Coleoptera
Iyali: Ground beetles - Carabidae
 | Wuraren zama: | filaye, filaye da tudu |
 | Mai haɗari ga: | kananan kwari |
 | Hanyar halaka: | lafiya, kada ku cutar da mutane |
Bombardier ba irin ƙwaro ɗaya bane, amma membobin dangin ƙwaro na ƙasa. Ba duka mutane ne aka yi nazarinsu ba, dangin Paussin kusan ba a san su ba ga mutane kuma abin sha'awa ne.
Girman irin ƙwaro ya bambanta daga 5 zuwa 15 mm. Jiki yana da siffar oval mai elongated. Launi yayi duhu. Akwai wani ƙarfe sheen. Wani bangare an fentin jikin ja-launin ruwan kasa.
Dan wasan ƙwaro a harin.
A karshen kai akwai ƙwanƙwasa masu siffar sikila waɗanda suke riƙe da su suna yaga ganima da su. An tsara idanu na matsakaicin girman don salon rayuwa mai ban tsoro. Akwai supraorbital setae akan idanu. Whisker da tafin hannu ja ne mai duhu. Nau'in gaɓoɓin hannu.
Elytra na iya zama shuɗi, koren ko baki tare da tsagi mara zurfi na tsayi. Beetles suna amfani da gaɓoɓi fiye da fuka-fuki. Mace da namiji daidai suke da juna. Gaɓar jikin maza suna sanye da ƙarin sassa.
Wuri da rarrabawa
Mafi yawan nau'in ƙwaro mai ƙima shine ƙwaro mai fashewa. Habitat - Turai da Asiya. Sun fi son busassun wurare masu lebur da ƙasa mai laushi mai matsakaicin matsakaici.
A kan ƙasa na Tarayyar Rasha, ana samun su a ko'ina, daga yankin Siberiya zuwa tafkin Baikal. Amma akwai daidaikun mutane a cikin tsaunuka, ba kawai a kan tudu ba.
Tsarin rayuwa
Bombardiers suna aiki ne kawai da dare. Da rana suna ɓoye a cikin matsuguni. Matasa ne kawai ke tashi, waɗanda ke buƙatar sanin yankin. A cikin hunturu, suna shiga cikin diapause, lokacin da duk matakan rayuwa suna raguwa kuma kusan tsayawa.
Hakanan diapause iri ɗaya na iya faruwa a cikin ƙwaro mai ƙima a lokacin zafi lokacin bazara.
Bayan mako guda, tsutsa ta zama kamar majila. Matakin pupation yana ɗaukar kwanaki 10. Dukkanin ci gaban ci gaba shine kwanaki 24. Beetles da ke zaune a yankuna masu sanyi ba su iya ba da 'ya'ya fiye da ɗaya a cikin shekara. Masu jefa kwallaye a wurare masu zafi suna haifar da zuriya ta biyu a cikin kaka. Rayuwar rayuwar mata ita ce iyakar shekara guda, kuma maza - kimanin shekaru 3.
Cin abinci na ƙwaro
Beetles kwari ne masu cin nama. A larvae parasitize da kuma ciyar a kan pupae na sauran beetles. Manya suna tattara tarkacen abinci. Suna iya lalata ƙananan dangi.
Kare ƙwaro mai ci daga abokan gaba
Hanyar kariya tana da asali sosai. Lokacin da abokan gaba suka kusanci, kwarin yana fesa caustic, zafi mai ƙamshi na gas da ruwa mai ƙamshi.
Ramin ciki yana sanye da gland biyu - na'urar harbe-harbe guda biyu. Sinadarai suna cikin gland. Kowane gland ya ƙunshi sassa biyu. Ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan yana aiki a matsayin tafki don adana hydroquinones da hydrogen peroxide, kuma na biyu a matsayin ɗakin amsawa tare da catalases da peroxidases.
Lokacin da abokan gaba suka bayyana, ana matse hydroquinone da hydrogen peroxide cikin gland na biyu. Hydrogen peroxide yana fitar da oxygen. Matsin lamba a cikin ɗakin yana tashi, kuma zafin jiki ya kai digiri 100. Ƙwarƙwarar tana iya harbi daga kowane matsayi.
Ragowar cakuda na iya zama ƙanana da babba. Kwarin yana iya daidaita wannan tsari. An tsara manyan digo don ɗan gajeren nesa, kuma an tsara ƙananan digo don nisa mai nisa.
Matsakaicin adadin harbi ya kai 20. Sabbin harbe-harbe na yiwuwa bayan hutu na akalla mintuna 30. Harbi masu zafi da guba suna kashe ko korar mafarauta.
Sinadaran ba su da haɗari ga ƙwaro mai bom, saboda fashewar ba ta faruwa a cikin jiki. Kuma wannan wani batu ne na nazari. Ta yaya cancantar amsawa da adadin gaurayawan ana ƙididdige su, cewa fashewar ta faru ta yadda ba a cutar da ƙwaro kanta ba.
Bayanai masu ban sha'awa game da ƙwararrun ƙwallo
Wasu bayanai game da kwari:
- Tsarin harbe-harbe da halayen sinadaran sune tushen ƙirar kayan aikin fasaha. Masana kimiyya sun sake kunna injunan jet a irin wannan hanya;
- tare da amsa mara kyau, kwaɗin zai iya hadiye mai zura kwallo. Harbin yana faruwa a cikin kwadin. Nan take ta tofa wani ƙwaro mai rai.
ƙarshe
Scorer beetles halittu ne na musamman na yanayi. Ba sa cutar da mutane. Ta hanyar cin kwari, suna da amfani a cikin filaye da lambuna. Kuma ainihin hanyar kariya daga kwari shine batun nazari da sha'awar masana kimiyya.
A baya