Yadda aka haifi ƙudaje: haifuwa da tsarin ci gaba na maƙwabta masu fuka-fuki marasa kyau
Muhimman ayyukan mafi yawan nau'in zokotuh yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da mutum da gidajen sa. Wadannan parasites za a iya kiran su mafi ban haushi. Amma idan kun san matakan ci gaba na ƙudaje na gida da kuma yadda suke haifuwa, kawar da su zai fi sauƙi.
Abubuwa
Manyan nau'ikan kwari da mazauninsu
A cikin duka, akwai kusan nau'ikan 3,5 dubu na waɗannan kwari a duniya. Wadannan sun fi kowa.
Matsakaicin rayuwar kudaje
Rayuwar zokotuha gajere ce, rayuwarta na iya bambanta daga kwanaki 10 zuwa 60. Babban tasiri a kan tsawon lokaci na rayuwa yana haifar da tsarin zafin jiki. Kwarin ba ya jure wa ƙananan zafin jiki, duk da haka, wasu mutane suna iya rayuwa a lokacin hunturu idan sun sami mafaka mai dumi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki ga kwari shine digiri 18-25.
Yadda kwari ke hayayyafa
Kwarin da ke tashi suna da yawa sosai. A cikin wani lokaci, mata da maza suna iya haifar da adadi mai yawa, kuma da tsutsa ta fito daga kowane kwai da aka dasa, to da kwari sun mamaye duniya tun da daɗewa.
Kwari sun furta dimorphism na jima'i. Tsarin haifuwa na kuda namiji ya ƙunshi na'urorin haɗi, testes, da ducts. A cikin kwari mata - qwai.
Tsarin kiwo na kwari ba ya dogara da yanayin muhalli: suna yin haka a gida da kuma yanayin yanayi. Koyaya, adadin zuriyar da suka tsira ya bambanta. A cikin yanayi, brood yana fuskantar haɗari mafi girma: dabbobin daji, tsuntsaye, yanayin yanayi mara kyau da rashin abinci. A gida, damar da za ta tsira ya fi girma, duk da haka, har ma a can 'ya'yan suna cikin haɗari: mutum yayi ƙoƙari ya lalata kwari a duk matakan ci gabansa.
Ana iya bambanta mace da aka haifa ta siffar jiki: ciki na kwari yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma bayan jima'i ya canza siffar, ya zama mai zurfi. A cikin matasa, ciki yana elongated kuma kunkuntar.
Ci gaban gardama na gama gari: manyan matakai
A cikin rayuwar su, kwari suna tafiya ta hanyar ci gaba tare da cikakken canji. An bayyana manyan matakan sa a ƙasa.
kwanciya kwai
Kuda yana yin ƙwayayensa kusan nan da nan bayan jima'i. Ta hanyar ilhami na uwa, ta nemi wuri mai dacewa don masonry - dole ne ya sami isasshen abinci ga zuriya. Don yin wannan, kwarin yana amfani da sashin jiki na musamman na wari, kuma, bayan gano wurin da ake so, yana jin shi tare da proboscis don tabbatar da cewa ya dace da gaske. Siffofin waje na ƙwai sun dogara da nau'in kwari, amma mafi yawan lokuta suna kama da hatsin shinkafa - siffar elongated oblong, 1-2 mm tsawo, kashe-fari.
Inda ƙudaje ke sa ƙwai
Zaɓin wurin oviposition ya dogara da nau'in parasite. Akwai nau'ikan da ke sanya ƙwai a kan raunuka masu tasowa, a ƙarƙashin fatar dabbobi da mutane.
Koyaya, yawancin nau'ikan suna zaɓar wurare masu zuwa:
- dabbobi da kayan sharar mutane;
- datti, ramukan magudanar ruwa, kwandon shara;
- itace mai lalacewa;
- kwayoyin halitta, carrion;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari masu lalacewa;
- nama da kifi.
| Kwai nawa kuda ke kwanciya | Matsakaicin adadin ƙwai a cikin kama ɗaya shine guda 100-150, duk da haka, yana iya bambanta dangane da nau'in kwari. Mata suna yin kwai 500-2000 a rayuwarsu. |
| tsarin ci gaban kwai | A cikin kwai da mace ta yi, tsutsa ta gaba ta fara tasowa nan da nan. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar gwaiduwa a cikin kwai - wani abu mai gina jiki na musamman. Kwai yana tasowa a cikin sa'o'i 8-24. A ƙarshen wannan lokacin, tsutsa ya kasance cikakke: ya zama babba kuma ya sami siffar oblong. |
Ci gaban tsutsa
Ga mutane, tsutsa abu ne mai banƙyama - ƙananan tsutsotsi ne mai launin fata tare da baƙar fata. Bayan ya fita daga cikin kwai, nan da nan tsutsotsi ya fara sha abinci, saboda abin da ci gabansa ke da sauri. A matsayinka na mai mulki, kwarin yana ciyarwa ta hanyar burrowing a cikin abu mai dacewa. Na'urarta ta baka ba ta iya ɗaukar abinci mai ƙarfi, don haka ma'aunin abinci mai gina jiki dole ne ya zama ruwa. Matsayin ci gaba yana ɗaukar har zuwa kwanaki 3. A wannan lokacin, maggot yana ƙaruwa sosai da girma kuma yana canza launi zuwa mafi duhu.
Maggot abinci mai gina jiki
Larvae masu tashi ba sa tsinke a abinci. Yawancin abincin su ya ƙunshi samfurori masu zuwa:
- ruɓaɓɓen nama da kifi;
- samfurori na ayyuka masu mahimmanci na mutane da dabbobi;
- ruɓaɓɓen kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- abincin mutane.
Ba su da tsarin narkewa kamar haka, don haka narkewa yana faruwa a wajen jiki. Don yin wannan, kwarin yana shigar da wani sirri mai muni na musamman a cikin abincin, wanda zai iya lalata duk wani abu na halitta, sannan ya sha abincin da aka ɗora.
tashi chrysalis
Bayan ƙarshen ci gaba mataki, da maggot pupa pupates: ta m harsashi taurare da Forms a puparia - musamman m harka. A ciki, cikakken canji na kwari yana faruwa: gabobin jiki da kyallen takarda sun tarwatse kuma an kafa gabobin kwaro na manya. Wasu nau'in kudaje suna tsira daga lokacin sanyi a matsayin chrysalis.
Akwai viviparous nau'in kwari
A cikin yanayi, akwai nau'ikan da ke haifar da tsutsa mai rai. Tare da irin wannan nau'in ci gaba, magogi yana fitowa daga kwai daga jikin mace.
Waɗannan nau'ikan sun haɗa da:
- tsetse tashi;
- Wolfart tashi;
- launin toka drop tashi.
A lokaci guda kuma, ba lallai ba ne cewa tsutsa da aka haifa ta shirya nan da nan don matsawa zuwa mataki na pupal - a wasu lokuta, kwari yana tasowa na makonni da yawa, sa'an nan kuma pupates.
Yanayin da ya dace don ci gaban kwari
Mafi kyawun yanayi don haɓaka tsiro shine babban zafin jiki - + 30-37 digiri da zafi 60-70%. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, tsutsa ta shiga cikin dukkan molts da pupates a cikin kwanaki 3-4.
https://youtu.be/if7ZknYRv6o
Me ke faruwa da kuda a kaka
A matsayinka na mai mulki, tare da ƙarshen lokacin rani, rayuwar tashi kuma ta ƙare. Kashi 90% na yawan gardawa sun mutu tuni a ƙarshen Agusta. Wasu ƙwarin sun fi sa'a - suna shagaltuwa da janaba ko samun matsuguni mai ɗumi a mazaunin ɗan adam. Har ila yau, wasu kwari suna iya tashi zuwa wuraren da ke da mafi kyawun yanayi, yayin da suke iya shawo kan nisa har zuwa kilomita 20.
A baya