Wanene gadfly: hoto, bayanin da sakamakon haduwa da m

Marubucin labarin

Ra'ayoyin 416

9 min. don karatu

Gadfly yana kama da babban kuda; akwai nau'ikan wadannan kwari sama da 170 a duniya. Akwai ra'ayi cewa gadflies suna shan jini, amma manya ba sa cizo kuma ba sa ciyar da komai. Ga mutane, kawai gadfly fata na ɗan adam, wanda ke zaune a Amurka ta tsakiya, yana da haɗari; tsutsansa suna parasitize a cikin jikin mutum. Wasu nau'in halittu suna parasitize dabbobi.

Abubuwa

Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Inda gadflies suke rayuwa
Babban nau'ikan gadflies: hoto da bayanin
Menene hadarin gadfly larvae ga mutane da dabbobi
- Hanyoyin kamuwa da cuta
- Alamu, sakamako da maganin cizon gadfly
Rigakafin kamuwa da cuta tare da tsutsa gadfly
Yawan jama'a da matsayin nau'in

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Gadfly na dangin Diptera ne, kwaro ne mai ƙwari wanda ke amfani da dabbobi don haifuwa. Yana da nau'in synanthropic, kamar yadda yake zaune kusa da wurin zama na mutum. Iyalin gadfly sun ƙunshi dangi huɗu:

subcutaneous gadflies;
ciki;

nasopharyngeal;
mutum gadfly.

Duk waɗannan dangi sun bambanta da juna ta yadda tsutsa ke shiga jikin dabbar. Tsarin jiki na waɗannan kwari suna kama da juna, sun bambanta a cikin ƙananan bayanai.

Kwari gadfly.

Menene kamannin gadfly

Jikin gadfly yana da murabba'i, an lulluɓe shi da villi, tsayinsa ya kai 1,5-3 cm. Akwai manyan idanu akan kai, bakin ɗan ƙarami ne, ko ba ya nan gaba ɗaya. Gadfly yana da nau'i-nau'i na ƙafafu guda 3, na gaba biyu ya fi guntu fiye da sauran, fuka-fuki masu juyayi sun fi tsayi fiye da jiki.

Launi na jiki na iya zama na inuwa daban-daban: launin ruwan kasa, launin toka, tare da launin shudi. Kwarin da ke zaune a latitudes na kudanci na iya samun launin jiki mai haske, tare da ratsan lemu da baki.

Jikin tsutsa ya kai tsayin 2-3 cm, dangane da nau'in kwari. An kasu kashi, fari-fari a launi. Tsutsa na tafiya ta cikin jikin wanda aka azabtar tare da taimakon fitar da kugiyoyin da ke jikin ta.

Tsarin rayuwa da tsarin zamantakewa

Gadfly na rayuwa ne a yankunan da ke da yanayi mai zafi ko kuma yanayin zafi, mafi yawan tarin kudajen da ake gani a kusa da wuraren da namun daji da na gida suke, musamman inda ake da danshi mai yawa, wadannan wurare ne na shayarwa kusa da ruwa. Dangane da nau'in gadfly, ana amfani da wurare daban-daban na parasitism. Gadfly maza don saduwa da juna suna tashi zuwa wuri guda da mata suke taruwa.

Mata suna da girma sosai, mutum zai iya yin kwai 650.

Me gadfly ke ci

Manyan gadflies ba sa ciyarwa, amma suna amfani da ajiyar da suka tara yayin da suke cikin tsutsa. Tsutsa, tana cikin jikin wanda abin ya shafa, tana ciyar da ruwan jini, tana shanye abubuwa masu amfani daga gare ta, a lokaci guda kuma tana fitar da ruwa mai yawa wanda ke haifar da ciwo mai tsanani da kumburi a cikin jiki.

Gadfly larvae suna tafiya ta cikin jikin dabbar daga ƙasa zuwa sama, wasu suna zuwa kwakwalwa, idanu, wasu suna ƙarƙashin fata, suna ciyar da kuɗin mai su. Lokacin da kamuwa da cuta mai yawa, dabbar ta rasa nauyi, ta raunana kuma, musamman ma masu tsanani, tana kaiwa ga mutuwa.

Sake bugun

Matan da aka haifa suna yin ƙwai, dangane da nau'in, wannan na iya zama ciyawa, wani kwarin da macen ke yin ƙwai a kansa, ko kuma dabbar da gashinta ta yi kama. Daga cikin ƙwai, tsutsa suna bayyana, waɗanda ke lalata cikin jikin dabba. Larvae ya bar jikin dabbar, kuma ya matsa zuwa ƙasa, ya yi farin ciki a can, kuma bayan wani lokaci, wani kwaro mai girma ya fito daga cikin pupa, yana shirye don saduwa.

Gadfly tsutsa! Beetles a cikin biri

Kalli wannan bidiyon akan YouTube

Zagayowar rayuwa na gadfly

Gadfly yana tafiya ta matakai hudu na ci gaba: kwai, tsutsa, pupa, kwari na manya. Kowane lokaci na ci gaba ya dogara da yanayin zafin iska, kuma wace dabba ce mai ɗaukar larvae. Sai kawai a cikin nau'in cavity gadflies babu matakin kwai, mata suna haifar da tsutsa mai rai.

Ya hadu da kwan

An yi wa kwai fentin fari ko rawaya, siffa ce ta m ko cylindrical. A wasu nau'in, kwai yana da murfi, ko kayan haɗi, wanda ke riƙe shi da ƙarfi ga gashi.

Matar ta sanya ƙwai a kan yanki mai gashi na fatar wanda aka azabtar ko a kan ciyawa. A kan dabbar, ta zaɓi wurin da akwai ƙaramin ulu kuma ta haɗa ƙwai 2-3 ga kowane gashi.

Suna girma daga kwanaki 3 zuwa makonni 3, tsutsa da ke bayyana bayan 'yan kwanaki suna shiga cikin dabba kuma suna ci gaba da ci gaba.

Qwai da tsutsa na gadfly.

Gadfly tsutsa

Jikin tsutsa ya rabu, fari-fari. Kafin tsutsa ta rikide ta zama pupa, tana wucewa da yawa. Tsutsa na mataki na farko yana girma na kwanaki da yawa a saman sannan kuma ya sami tushe a karkashin fata.

Akwai ƙugiya a jikin tsutsa a bangarorin biyu, tare da taimakon abin da yake motsawa da shiga cikin jikin dabbar. Larvae na nau'ikan gadfly daban-daban suna motsawa ta hanyoyin jini na dabba ko dai zuwa cikin esophagus ko a ƙarƙashin fata kuma suna tasowa kuma suna ciyarwa a can.

Larvae na matakai 2-3 sun isa balaga, a cikin wannan lokacin suna ƙaruwa sau 10, suna wucewa ta hanyar molting, kuma ta hanyar fistulas akan fata ko ta hanyar feces suna fitowa, shiga cikin ƙasa kuma su shiga can.

Baby doll

A hankali tsutsa ta juya ta zama pupa, irin wannan canji na iya wucewa har zuwa kwanaki 7. A cikin pupa, kwarin yana tasowa na kwanaki 30-45. Wani kwaro mai girma wanda ya fito daga pupa ya shirya nan da nan don saduwa da haihuwa.

Rayuwar Gadfly

A cikin ɗan gajeren rayuwarsa, imago ba ya ciyarwa, amma yana cinye ajiyar da ya tara a matakin tsutsa. irin wadannan hannun jari sun isa kwanaki 21. A lokacin damina, lokacin da gadfly ba ya tashi, ajiyarsa ya isa har zuwa kwanaki 30. A wannan lokacin, kwarin yana rasa 1/3 na adadinsa kuma ya mutu. Cikakken zagayowar tun daga bayyanar kwai zuwa sakin balagagge yana cika ta hanyar kwari a cikin shekara 1.

Zagayowar rayuwa na wasu nau'in gadfly.

Menene bambanci tsakanin doki da gadflies

A zahiri, ruwa da ƙudajen doki suna kama da juna, amma sun bambanta da girmansu kuma suna cikin nau'ikan kwari daban-daban. Amma sun bambanta da juna ta hanyar ciyarwa.

Gadflies	Makaho
Manya-manyan ƙudaje ba sa yin barazana ga ko dai mutane ko dabbobi, tun da suna da buɗaɗɗen baki, ko kuma ƙanƙanta ne, kuma a duk rayuwarsu ba sa cin abinci, kaɗan kaɗan. Haɗarin yana wakiltar tsutsansu, waɗanda ke tasowa a jikin dabba ko ɗan adam.	Maza masu doki ba su da haɗari ga ko dai mutane ko dabbobi, kuma bayan hadi na mata, suna cin abinci a kan nectar na furanni, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, da zaƙi na aphids. Matar doki na iya cin abincin carbohydrate, amma bayan hadi, don haɓaka ƙwai, tana buƙatar furotin, wanda take karɓa ta hanyar ciyar da jini. Don haka, matan dawakai ne kawai ke ciji, cizon su yana da zafi sosai. Wurin cizon ya juya ja, ya kumbura, ya zama mai yawa, zafin jiki na iya tashi. Matar ta saka wani abu mai guba a cikin rauni, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki ko ma haifar da girgiza anaphylactic. Kusan kashi 10% na cizon doki yana haifar da mutuwa.

Gadflies

Makaho

Manya-manyan ƙudaje ba sa yin barazana ga ko dai mutane ko dabbobi, tun da suna da buɗaɗɗen baki, ko kuma ƙanƙanta ne, kuma a duk rayuwarsu ba sa cin abinci, kaɗan kaɗan.

Haɗarin yana wakiltar tsutsansu, waɗanda ke tasowa a jikin dabba ko ɗan adam.

Maza masu doki ba su da haɗari ga ko dai mutane ko dabbobi, kuma bayan hadi na mata, suna cin abinci a kan nectar na furanni, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, da zaƙi na aphids. Matar doki na iya cin abincin carbohydrate, amma bayan hadi, don haɓaka ƙwai, tana buƙatar furotin, wanda take karɓa ta hanyar ciyar da jini. Don haka, matan dawakai ne kawai ke ciji, cizon su yana da zafi sosai.

Wurin cizon ya juya ja, ya kumbura, ya zama mai yawa, zafin jiki na iya tashi. Matar ta saka wani abu mai guba a cikin rauni, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki ko ma haifar da girgiza anaphylactic. Kusan kashi 10% na cizon doki yana haifar da mutuwa.

Inda gadflies suke rayuwa

Wadannan kwari suna rayuwa a duk duniya, ban da wuraren da yawan zafin jiki ke ƙasa da sifili. A Rasha, akwai wasu nau'ikan gadflies a cikin Urals da Siberiya. Amma yawancin nau'ikan gadflies suna rayuwa kuma suna haifuwa a yankuna masu dumi.

Nau'in kwari masu haɗari ga mutane suna rayuwa ne a cikin yanayi mai zafi.

Don haifuwa, gadflies suna buƙatar dabbobi, kuma suna zama kusa da wuraren zama. Kwari suna son zafi da danshi, don haka ana iya samun adadi mai yawa na mutane kusa da gawar ruwa inda dabbobi ke zuwa sha.

Gadflies suna son danshi da dumi.

Babban nau'ikan gadflies: hoto da bayanin

Dukan dangin gadflies sun kasu kashi 4, waɗanda suka bambanta ta hanyar shigar da su cikin jikin wanda aka azabtar.

Gastric Gadfly (Doki)

Doki gadfly, parasitizing a cikin gastrointestinal fili na dawakai da jakuna, ana samun su a duk wuraren da wadannan dabbobi. Matar ta kan sanya ƙwai a kan dabbar da gaɓoɓinta, a kan ciyawar da take ci. Larvae ɗin da ke ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai suna shiga sashin narkewar abinci ta baki, inda suke tasowa kuma suna fita tare da najasa.

Hypodermic gadfly (Bull)

Mafi yawan nau'in gadflies na subcutaneous shine bovine. Yana parasitizes shanu. Matar ta manne da ƙwai, ɗaya ga kowane gashi, tsutsa masu ƙyanƙyashe suna ci ta cikin fata kuma suna ƙaura zuwa cikin kyallen jikin dabbar. Bayan molting, suna motsawa ƙarƙashin fata a bayansu. A can ne tsutsar ta haifar da yoyon fitsari inda suke samun iska sannan su yi amfani da su wajen fita.

Nasopharyngeal gadflies

Wakilan gadflies na nasopharyngeal sune tumaki tumaki gadfly da gadfly na Rasha. Tumaki suna zaune a kan awaki na gida da tumaki, da Rashanci - akan dawakai da jakuna. Matan da ke cikin rami gadfly suna haifar da tsutsa masu rai kuma, a kan tashi, suna fesa cikin hanci da idanun dabbobi da mutane. Larvae yana motsawa kuma ya shiga cikin idanu na mucosa, hanci, shiga cikin ƙwallon ido, cikin hanci da gaban sinuses, cikin nasopharynx. Suna rayuwa a cikin kyallen takarda kuma suna haifar da myiasis.

Mutum gadfly (dermal)

Gadfly fatar mutum ana samunsa ne kawai a Amurka ta tsakiya. Matar ta kan sanya ƙwai a jikin kwari ko sauro. Wani kwarin da aka makala ƙwai a kai yana zaune a kan mutum, larvae suna fitowa daga ƙwai kuma nan da nan ya ci gaba ta hanyoyi kuma yana motsawa ƙarƙashin fata. Bayan sun zauna a cikin jikin mutum, suna tasowa kuma suna haifar da myiasis.

Menene hadarin gadfly larvae ga mutane da dabbobi

Parasitizing a cikin jikin mutum, tsutsa gadfly yana haifar da babbar illa gare shi.

Motsawa a ƙarƙashin fata, yana ciyarwa kuma yana bayyana a wuraren kumburi da suppuration, wani lokacin yana haifar da maye.
Hadarin shine tsutsa da ke shiga cikin kwalwar ido ko kwakwalwa. A lokuta masu wuya, kamuwa da cutar ɗan adam tare da tsutsa gadfly yana kaiwa ga mutuwa.

Shiga jikin dabba, tsutsa gadfly tana ciyar da abubuwa masu amfani daga kyallen jikin ta kuma suna motsawa a cikin jiki, suna shafar gabobin ciki. Dabbobin ya zama mai rauni, rashin lafiya, jini na ciki zai iya farawa, wanda zai haifar da mutuwa.

Gadfly tsutsa.

Hanyoyin kamuwa da cuta

Gadfly larvae na iya shiga jikin mutum ta hanyoyi daban-daban:

idan sun kasance akan kwari. Ta hanyar rami bayan cizonsa, za su iya shiga karkashin fata kuma su ci gaba a can;
mata na ciki gadfly suna fesa tsutsa masu rai, waɗanda za su iya shiga cikin mucous membranes, cikin idanu kuma su ci gaba a can;

qwai na gadfly na iya shiga cikin jiki yayin cin abinci ko a cikin rauni mai budewa;
ana iya shakar su idan sun hau kan mucosa da gangan;
idan mace ta sanya ƙwai a kan fatar kai, kuma tsutsa ta shiga ƙarƙashin fata.

Dabbobi na iya kamuwa da tsutsa ta hanyar cin ciyawar da aka sa qwai a kai. Bayan lasa su daga saman kafafu, wuyansa, jiki, daga wuraren da mace ta sa qwai. Har ila yau, dabbobi na iya sha wahala daga harin gadfly cavity. Idan tsutsa ta shiga cikin gabobin numfashi na tumaki, za su iya haifar da swirl ko ciwon huhu, wanda zai kai ga mutuwar dabba.

Alamu, sakamako da maganin cizon gadfly

Gadfly ba ya cizo, amma tsutsa, ta kan fata, ta yi rami wanda ta shiga ciki. Ana iya kiran wannan cizon gadfly. Alamomi masu zuwa na iya bayyana a jiki: tabo ja tare da dige baki a tsakiya, bayan lokaci tabo na iya zama shuɗi. Irin wannan tabo na iya zama ɗaya, ko kuma akwai iya zama da yawa a kusa. Akwai kuma zafi da ƙaiƙayi. Matsi da zafin jiki na iya ƙaruwa. Wasu mutane suna haifar da allergies.

Sakamakon gabatarwar tsutsa na iya dogara ne akan ko zai yiwu a cire shi a cikin lokaci, ko kuma ya tafi ƙaura ta cikin kyallen takarda na jiki. Idan ta tasowa a karkashin fata, to, miases suna bayyana, fistulas ta hanyar da tsutsa ke fitowa. Yin hijira ta cikin jiki, tsutsa na iya lalata gabobin ciki na mutum, wanda zai haifar da mummunan sakamako. Idan tsutsa ta shiga cikin kwakwalwa, sakamakon mutuwa zai yiwu.

Idan akwai tuhuma cewa tsutsa gadfly ta shiga jikin mutum, to nan da nan ya kamata ku nemi taimako daga likitan parasitologist. Likitan ya cire tsutsa, ana yin aikin a karkashin maganin sa barci. Likitanka kuma na iya rubuta magungunan anti-parasitic. Idan ba ku kawar da parasite a cikin lokaci ba, to, rikitarwa daban-daban na iya tasowa. Sepsis na iya tasowa, rashin lafiyar fata rashes zai bayyana.

Rigakafin kamuwa da cuta tare da tsutsa gadfly

Lokacin zuwa yanayi, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da wasu shawarwari don kada ku zama wanda aka azabtar da gadflies da ke zaune a wurare masu zafi da dumi, kusa da mutane:

tufafi don tafiya a cikin yanayi bai kamata ya kasance mai haske ba, kamar yadda launuka masu haske ke jawo hankalin ba kawai gadflies ba, har ma da sauran kwari masu cutarwa;
rufe jiki da hannaye gwargwadon yiwuwa tare da tufafi;
kada ku yi amfani da turare, ƙamshi masu daɗi suna jawo masu zubar da jini;

kula da tufafi da jiki tare da kayan kariya ko kariya;
Ana iya amfani da mai mai ƙanshi don korar kwari: clove, orange, Mint;
shirya wurin juji da bandaki daga wurin hutawa;
rufe jigilar jarirai da tarun na musamman.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin nau'in

Ana samun Gadflies a yankunan da ke da yanayi mai zafi da zafi kuma babu abin da ke barazana ga yawansu. Gadflies na mata suna da yawa kuma suna da 'yan maƙiyan halitta. Matsayin nau'in ba ya shafar yanayin yanayin muhalli a cikin yankunan mazaunin.

A Rasha, yawancin nau'in gadflies suna zaune a Siberiya, Urals da yankunan Arewa, kusa da gonakin dabbobi da wuraren kiwo. Domin rage yawan kamuwa da cutar, masu kiwon dabbobi suna kula da dabbobi da wuraren kiwo da shayarwa. Yi matakan kariya waɗanda ke taimakawa rage adadin kwari masu haɗari.

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