Tsuntsaye masu zalunta
Shrikes tsuntsaye ne daga odar Passeriformes, na dangin Laniidae.
Mafi yawan jinsin halittu shine Lanius, sunansa ya fito daga kalmar Latin don "nama".
Ana samun shrikes da farko a cikin Eurasia da Afirka.
Daya jinsin rayuwa New Guinea, ana samun nau'i biyu a ciki Arewacin Amurka (Pigmy shrike da arewa shrike). Ba a samun kururuwa a Kudancin Amurka ko Ostiraliya.
A halin yanzu, nau'ikan shrikes guda uku suna haihuwa a Poland: goshi, kuna gunaguni i baki mai fuska. Har zuwa kwanan nan, shrike mai jajayen kai shima yana gida. Wakilai na musamman sune hamada da shrike na Bahar Rum.
Shrikes suna zaune a buɗe wuraren zama, musamman steppes da savannas.
Wasu nau'ikan suna rayuwa ne a cikin dazuzzuka kuma ba kasafai ake samun su a wuraren da ba a bude suke ba. Wasu nau'in jinsin suna haifuwa a cikin latitudes na arewa a lokacin rani sannan su yi ƙaura zuwa wurare masu zafi.
Don ƙarin koyo…
Shrikes tsuntsaye ne masu matsakaicin girma tare da launin toka, launin ruwan kasa ko baki da fari, wani lokaci tare da tabo masu launin tsatsa.
Tsawon yawancin nau'in yana daga 16 zuwa 25 cm, kawai jinsin Corvinella tare da gashin wutsiya masu tsayi na iya kaiwa tsayin har zuwa 50 cm.
Bakinsu suna da ƙarfi kuma suna lanƙwasa a ƙarshe, kamar na tsuntsayen ganima, suna nuna dabi'ar cin nama. Ƙunƙarar ya ƙare da haɓaka mai kaifi, abin da ake kira "haƙori". Suna da gajerun fuka-fukai masu zagaye da wutsiya mai tsayi. Muryar da suke fitar da ita ce.
A cikin wallafe-wallafe daban-daban, ana kiran shrikes da Hannibal Lecter of tsuntsaye ko tsuntsu mafi tashin hankali a duniya.
Wadannan tsuntsaye suna cin abinci akan rodents, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians da manyan kwari. Suna iya farauta, misali, blackbird ko ɗan bera.
Don ƙarin koyo…
Shrikes yana kashe kashin baya ta hanyar kama ko huda wuya da baki da kuma girgiza ganima da karfi.
Nau'i uku na shrikes sun haihu a Poland: shrike mai gaba-gaba, shrike ja-ja da kuma babban shrike.
Shrike mai baƙar fata (Lanius major) ana samunsa a gabashin ƙasar, amma na ƙarshe da aka tabbatar da kiwo a Poland ya faru ne a cikin 2010. A da shi tsuntsu ne mai yaduwa sosai, a cikin karni na XNUMX ya zauna a mafi yawan yankunan karkara na Poland, amma tun farkon karni na XNUMX yawan jama'a ya ragu.
A cikin 80s an kiyasta yawan jama'a kusan nau'i-nau'i 100, amma a cikin 2008-2012 ya kasance 1-3 kawai.
Shrike mai baƙar fata tsuntsu ne mai tsayin jiki da doguwar wutsiya.
A kansa yana da babban abin rufe fuska baki, wanda a cikin manya ya rufe goshi (babban wutsiya yana da baƙar fata kawai a ƙarƙashin idanu tare da farar iyaka a saman, yana kaiwa goshin). Jiki da kai sune launin toka-shuɗi.
Akwai farin madubi a kan reshe da fararen wurare a kan wutsiya. Ta fi magi ƙanƙanta, amma ta fi shi waƙa. Yana jan hankalin waɗanda abin ya shafa tare da sauti daban-daban, kamar magpies, yin su yayin tashi da shawagi a cikin iska.
Shrike mai baƙar fata yana haifuwa sau ɗaya a shekara, a ƙarshen Mayu da a watan Yuni.
An gina gida a cikin kambi na itace mai tsayi (yawanci game da 10 m sama da ƙasa), a cikin cokali mai yatsa na reshe, ba da nisa da gangar jikin ba, sau da yawa akan itatuwan poplar ko 'ya'yan itace.
Abubuwan halayen wannan gida na tsuntsu, ban da saiwoyi, rassan, ciyayi masu kauri da gashin fuka-fukai, manyan tsire-tsire ne masu yawa waɗanda aka saka a tsakiyar sa.
A Poland, shrike na gaba mai baƙar fata wani nau'i ne mai karewa sosai.
Shrike na gama-gari (Lanius collurio) shine shrike mafi yawa a Poland.
Yana da girman girman sparrow ko blackbird, mai siriri siriri. Yana da dimorphism na jima'i a bayyane. Namiji yana da baƙar fata a idanunsa.
Ya fi kowa a Yammacin Pomerania da Lower Oder Valley, ko da yake ana iya samuwa a ko'ina cikin ƙasar. Wurin zama na rana, buɗaɗɗe, busassun wurare masu ƙaya da ƙaya, da kuma ciyayi, ciyawar peat da kowane irin kurmi.
Shrikes tsuntsaye ne na rana.
Kullum suna zaune babu motsi a tsaye tsaye. Suna da wahalar lura. Sau da yawa suna zama a kan wayoyi, sanduna ko saman ciyayi, daga inda suke neman ganima. Tsuntsu mai juyayi ya girgiza yana dukan wutsiyarsa.
Namiji yakan yi koyi da kiran wasu tsuntsaye, galibi geese, saboda haka nau'in sunan wannan shrike.
Idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan girman su, shrikes na iya kama manyan ganima masu ban mamaki - suna iya farauta, misali, kwadi.
A Poland, wannan nau'in yana ƙarƙashin kariya mai tsauri, kuma a cikin Red Book of Birds na Poland an lasafta shi azaman nau'in rashin damuwa (kamar babban magpie).
The Great Grey Shrike shi ne mafi girma shrike a Poland.
Ana samun manyan shaho masu kyan gani a duk faɗin ƙasar. Sun fi son wuraren noma tare da facin ciyayi na asali. Babu dimorphism na jima'i a cikin plumage. Kiran da aka saba na babban magpie shine ƙarami, tsayi mai tsayi.
Babban abincin piebalds ya ƙunshi voles da kwari. Idan akwai karancin voles a cikin abinci, suna maye gurbin su da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa ko tsuntsaye (beetles, nono, pipits, buntings, sparrows, larks da finches), sau da yawa - tsuntsaye masu girman girman piebald; misali, blackbirds. Ba kamar shrikes ba, manyan magpies ba sa cin kajin su.